chapter 14: the realm of islam
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Chapter 14: The Realm of Islam. Muhammad. Born in Mecca 570 CE 610 CE vision Monotheism Idolatry Ka’ba Hijra 622 Flight to Medina Umma Read Primary Source Document: Biography - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 14: The Realm of Islam
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Muhammad Born in Mecca 570 CE 610 CE vision
Monotheism Idolatry
Ka’ba Hijra 622 Flight to Medina
Umma
Read Primary Source Document: Biography Why is this document
significant? What implied or descriptive comparisons to other major religions do you see ?
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Ka’ba
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Zoroastrianism• Heaven or hell
• One good god one evil god(monotheistic in
definition) in constant battle
• Prayer 5 times daily• Fire used in worship
• Salvation through good words, thoughts, deeds• Humans do good and
evil.
Islamic belief system Christianity• Monotheism• Revere saints, church
fathers• Jesus – son of God• Virgin birth• Jesus crucified• Affirmed resurrection• Revelation through
prophets• Original sin• Faith & works salvation• Hell/heaven• Humans do good & evil
Islam• Monotheism – Allah
• Revere prophets, imams• Jesus- prophet• Virgin birth
• Jesus did not die, ascended
• Denied resurrection• Revelation through
Muhammad only• Humans do good & evil• Salvation through 5
pillars• Paradise (eternal) or hell• Prayer 5 times daily Source: diffen.com
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Military expansion
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Military Expansion & Rule
Caliphate 632 - 662 Umayaad 662-750 Abbasid 750- 1258 Sultanate 1258-1299
Ottoman Empire 1299-1924
Keep in mind, that Muslims see a Caliphate as a government uniting them under one rule so some scholars see the caliphate as encompassing the years 632-1924.
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Traditional sources of power & legitimacy
Rise of the Caliphate Abu Bakr 632-634 Umar 634-644 Uthman 644-656 Mu'awiya 660
Umayyad Dynasty began
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Use the comparison document to analyze each
period.Umayyad Caliphate
Years of rule Treatment of non-muslims Military expansion Type of laws Treatment of women Type of government
Abbasid Caliphate Years of rule Treatment of non-muslims Military expansion Type of laws Treatment of women Type of government
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The Abbasid Caliphate
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Merchant expansion: When was it founded?
What years was it prominent?What is the city’s Islamic significance?
What goods were primary trade items in this city?
Why did it decline? Major merchant
cities Timbuktu Mecca Medina Cordoba Baghdad
Sukuk or sakk
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Muslim Merchant communities in the Indian Ocean Region
Go to the website below and check out what was happening in the Medieval era
http://www.indianoceanhistory.org
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Missionary expansion
Was it conversion by the sword or is this a myth propagated and spread by people with a particular bias?
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Ibn Battuta Where did he go? How do we know?
Primary sources
The Marco Polo of the Islamic world
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Dar al Islam (house of Islam)
Refers to all geographic lands under the religious and political rule of Islam
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Diffusion of literary, artistic, & cultural traditions in Subsaharan
Africa
The Hajj Subsaharan trade
routes Inter-cultural transfer
of knowledge
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Diffusion of scientific & technological traditions Greek science &
philosophy returned to W. Europe via Muslim al-Andalus in Iberia
Baghdad as purveyor of learning House of Wisdom
Ibn al haytham (Alhazen) – father of the modern scientific methodology
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The spread of food and agricultural techniques
Cotton, sugar, citrus throughout Dar-al-Islam & the Mediterranean
Literature on crops Rapid growth of
cities Paper manufacture The crusades 753-
1307
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Sunni Shia Split - what's that all about
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State Synthesis (the influence of Persian traditions on
Islamic states)
The veil – hijab Sharia law Madrasas
The Hajj/Ka’ba
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Muslim Scholarship
Sufi’s alGhazali Ibn al Haytham