chapter 15-2 part 2. nobles kings- owned land in the kingdom barons- richest lords lords- lord of...
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Chapter 15-2 part 2
Nobles
Kings- owned land in the kingdom Barons- richest lords Lords- lord of the fief Knights- warrior for the king (included dukes,
earls, and counts)
Vassals and Knights
Nobles were both lords and vassals. A vassal was a noble who served a lord of
higher rank. In return, the lord protected the vassal. The vassal swore loyalty to his lord. In return for his service, the lord granted the
vassal land- known as a fief.
The Road to KnighthoodThe Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT
SQUIRE
PAGE
Steps to Knighthood
Page- age seven Learned to fight and
ride Care for weapons and
armor Also learned how to
read, write, manners, and music
Squire- around age 14 Served the knight- put
on his armor, helped in battle
Learned to move in heavy armor
ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior Chivalry was a code of
conduct the knights followed.
Chivalry required the knights to be brave, loyal, and true to their word.
It also called for women to be protected and cherished.
Dubbing of a Knight
About age 21 Squire bathes in clear water and dresses in a
white tunic and a bright red cloak Is tapped on the shoulder with a sword in a
ceremony of well-wishers, the lord and his lady
Castles
No two castles looked the same
They were built as fortresses and usually made out of stone
They could take several years to build
Parts of a Castle
Castle
Built on a hillside or a rocky ledge
The castle was surrounded by a “curtain wall.”
Castle Defense
Rounded or square towers were built at each of the corner walls
Narrow slits were built to shoot arrows at the enemy
Visitors to the castle had face a deep moat filled with water
Once across the moat, visitors faced a heavy iron gate Once across the moat, visitors faced a heavy iron gate called “portcullis”called “portcullis” then often another gate called the barbicanthen often another gate called the barbican
Trade in the Cities
By the 1100s trade began to increase and many cities became wealthy.
Venice, Italy built a fleet of trade ships and became a major trade center.
Flanders, Belgium became the trade center for northern Europe. This area was known for its woolen cloth.
Cities in northern Europe began to hold trade fairs where merchants exchange furs, tin, honey, and wool for cloth and swords.
People bartered or traded goods for other goods.
People began to use gold and silver to pay for goods.
Trading companies and banks were set up to manage the sale of goods and the use of money.
Medieval Cities
Medieval towns began to set up their own governments.
Citizens elected members of a city council to serve as judges, officials, and lawmakers.
Narrow, winding streets Houses crowded
against one another Fire threatened the
wooden homes Dirty and smelly- trash
dumped into the streets and rivers
Crafts people organized guilds, or business groups.
The rise of towns and the craft guilds led to a new middle class.
The guilds set standards for quality in products
Steps to Joining a Guild
1. The Apprentice- age 10, learned trade from master who provided room and board but no wages
2. Journeyman- worked for wages until created a masterpiece
3. Master- created a masterpiece- an outstanding example of the craft