chapter 15 20th-century poetry

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    Chapter 15

    Early 20th-Century Poetry

    FromAn Outline of English Literatureby

    Thornley and Roberts

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    English Poetry

    in the Early 20th Century Support the remark that poetry is a private art

    form (p.181)

    Each poet works as a private and separate

    person who makes his or her own world from

    his or her own deep concerns

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    W. B. Yeats

    Born in Ireland (p.181)

    Theme in his early poems -- shows and honors thenature and character of Ireland and the Irish people

    Theme in his later work -- was more universal, howpeople and the world, divided, can be made whole

    The Lake Isle of Innisfree

    http://images.google.com.tw/imgres?imgurl=http://www.robotwisdom.com/jaj/img/yeats.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.robotwisdom.com/jaj/gossip.html&h=247&w=196&sz=10&tbnid=LUSvTPuXuG0J:&tbnh=104&tbnw=83&start=4&prev=/images%3Fq%3DYeats%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8
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    The Lake Isle of Innisfree

    I WILL arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,

    And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made;

    Nine bean rows will I have there, a hive for the honey bee,

    And live alone in the bee-loud glade.

    And I shall have some peace there, for peace comes droppingslow,

    Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings;

    There midnight's all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow,

    And evening full of the linnet's wings.

    I will arise and go now, for always night and day

    I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;

    While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements gray,

    I hear it in the deep heart's core.

    http://images.google.com.tw/imgres?imgurl=http://sv.wikipedia.org/upload/thumb/4/42/150px-Tseliot.jpg&imgrefurl=http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot&h=198&w=150&sz=7&tbnid=W-mcWxPX7pYJ:&tbnh=99&tbnw=75&start=18&prev=/images%3Fq%3DT.%2BS.%2BEliot%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8
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    T. S. Eliot

    Writes as a man living through the years after WWI inwhich mens lives had been lost or damaged, hopesdestroyed and promises broken (p.187)

    Sees poetry and ceremony as forces that can givemeaning to the emptiness and confusion of the modernworld

    References to ceremonies come from the Christian churchand from much earlier beliefs in ceremonies that broughtlife and hope back to a dry dead hopeless world.

    http://images.google.com.tw/imgres?imgurl=http://sv.wikipedia.org/upload/thumb/4/42/150px-Tseliot.jpg&imgrefurl=http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot&h=198&w=150&sz=7&tbnid=W-mcWxPX7pYJ:&tbnh=99&tbnw=75&start=18&prev=/images%3Fq%3DT.%2BS.%2BEliot%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8
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    T. S. Eliot The Waste Land

    1. A highly complex poem that brings together a group of characters

    as different in kind

    2. Brings together the ancient beliefs in the circularity of the natural

    worlds movement through life and death to new life, with the

    Christian belief in spiritual life after physical death3. Much of the picture of human unhappiness in the poem comes

    from the fact that the characters cannot understand the meaning of

    their own experiences.

    4. Sees the root of the modern worlds unhappiness and confusion as

    the fact that people cant bring together the different areas of their

    experience to make a complete and healthy whole

    5. His aim is to bring together a great variety of human voices and

    experiences.

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    T. S. Eliot

    Four Quartets(1944)1. Shows different ways of experiencing God and

    reality in different times

    2. The force of religion will give wholeness and purposeto mans life and mind.

    3. Shows different kinds of time through the lives of

    different people, universal history and sudden

    moments when truth about life and God is made clear

    4. In the middle of the confusion and suffering of the

    modern world, timeless values still exist and can still

    be touched

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    W. H. Auden

    Early Poemsshows a concern for the important

    political and social events, and a wish to become partof them (p.189)

    Saw changes in the forms and subjects of literature asa way of helping political and social change

    Writes about political events and their effect onprivate lives

    By the end of WWII, he lost his earlier hope that theworld could be changed and made better by decisive

    human action After this, his poetry became in many ways more

    personal and, increasingly, looking for spiritualqualities in the life around him

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    W. H. Auden

    Communicate a strong sense of the realities of

    everyday life

    Lyric Poems:

    Musee des Beaux Arts

    As I Walked Out One Evening

    http://images.google.com.tw/imgres?imgurl=http://www.faess.jcu.edu.au/soh/subjects/EL1005/auden2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.faess.jcu.edu.au/soh/subjects/EL1005/auden.htm&h=346&w=250&sz=47&tbnid=K5t5pg_cGvcJ:&tbnh=114&tbnw=83&start=9&prev=/images%3Fq%3DW.%2BH.%2BAuden%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8
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    Musee des Beaux Arts About suffering they were never wrong,

    The Old Masters; how well, they understoodIts human position; how it takes place

    While someone else is eating or opening a window or just walking dullyalong;

    How, when the aged are reverently, passionately waitingFor the miraculous birth, there always must beChildren who did not specially want it to happen, skatingOn a pond at the edge of the wood:They never forgotThat even the dreadful martyrdom must run its courseAnyhow in a corner, some untidy spotWhere the dogs go on with their doggy life and the torturer's horseScratches its innocent behind on a tree.In Breughel's Icarus, for instance: how everything turns awayQuite leisurely from the disaster; the ploughman mayHave heard the splash, the forsaken cry,But for him it was not an important failure; the sun shoneAs it had to on the white legs disappearing into the greenWater; and the expensive delicate ship that must have seenSomething amazing, a boy falling out of the sky,had somewhere to get to and sailed calmly on.

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    The title refers to the Museum of FineArts in Brussels. Auden visited themuseum in 1938 and viewed the

    painting by Brueghel, which the poem

    is basically about. Generalizing at first,and then going into specifics the poemtheme is the apathy with whichhumans view individual suffering.Auden wrote that "In so far as poetry,

    or any of the arts, can be said to havean ulterior purpose, it is, by telling thetruth, to disenchant and disintoxicate.

    The poem juxtaposes ordinary events

    and extraordinary ones, althoughextraordinary events seem to deflate toeveryday ones with his descriptions.Life goes on while a "miraculous birthoccurs", but also while "the disaster"of Icarus's death happens.

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    The reader of the poem is placed in front of the

    Breughel painting in a museum, and at the same

    time is expected to project those images andtruths to the world outside. This allows a reader

    to become aware of his human position.

    The poem first discusses a "miraculous birth",and at the end "the tragedy" of a death. The

    theme in the poem is human suffering.

    The poem suggest a religious acceptance ofsuffering. Religious acceptance basically means

    coming to terms with the ways of the world.