chapter 15 job order costing and analysis. 15-2 conceptual learning objectives c1: explain the cost...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 15
Job Order Costing and Analysis
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15-2
Conceptual Learning Objectives
C1: Explain the cost accounting system.
C2: Describe important features of job order production.
C3: Explain job cost sheets and how they are used in job order cost accounting.
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15-3
A1: Apply job order costing in pricing services.
Analytical Learning Objectives
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15-4
P1: Describe and record the flow of materials costs in job order cost accounting.
P2: Describe and record the flow of labor costs in job order cost accounting.
P3: Describe and record the flow of overhead costs in job order cost accounting.
P4: Determine adjustments for overapplied and underapplied factory overhead.
Procedural Learning Objectives
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15-5
ProcessCosting
JobCosting
Used for production of large, unique, or high-cost items.
Built to order rather than mass produced.
Many costs can be directly traced to each job.
Used for production of large, unique, or high-cost items.
Built to order rather than mass produced.
Many costs can be directly traced to each job.
Job Order Production
Chapter 16 Chapter 16
C 2
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15-6
ProcessCosting
JobCosting
Typical job order cost applications: Special-order printing Building construction
Also used in service industry Hospitals Law firms
Typical job order cost applications: Special-order printing Building construction
Also used in service industry Hospitals Law firms
Chapter 16 Chapter 16
C 2
Job Order Manufacturing
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15-7
Receive order from
customers
Predict cost to complete
job
Negotiate a sales price and decide whether to
pursue the job.
Schedule the job
Events in Job Order CostingC 2
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15-8
Goods in Process
Cost of GoodsSold
Labor
Materials
Ind
irec
tIn
dir
ect
FinishedGoods
FactoryOverhead
Direct
Direct
Allocate
C 2 Job Order Production Activities
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15-9
Road Warriors Job Cost Sheet
Customer Carroll Connor Job No. B15Address 1542 High Point Dr. Portland, OregonJob Description Level I Alarm System on Ford Expedition Date promised 3/15/09 Date started 3/3/09 Date completed
Direct Materials Direct Labor Factory OverheadDate Req. Cost Date Ticket Cost Date Rate Cost
Total Total Total
Remarks Cost SummaryDirect MaterialsDirect LaborFactory OverheadTotal Cost
Job Cost SheetC 3
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15-10
Road Warriors Materials Requisition No. R-4705
Job No. B15 Date 3-7-09
Material Stock No. M-347
Material Description Alarm system wiring
Quantity Requested 1 Requested By
Quantity Provided 1 Date Provided 3-7-09
Filled By Received By
Remarks
C. Luther
C. Luther
M. Bateman
Materials RequisitionP1
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15-11
Road Warriors Materials Ledger Card
Item Alarm sys. wiring Stock No. M-347 Location Bin137
Maximum Qty. 5 units Minimum Qty. 1 unit Reorder Qty. 2 units
Received Issued BalanceRec. Unit Total Req. Unit Total Unit Total
Date Rep. Units Cost Cost No. Units Cost Cost Units Cost Cost1 $225 $225
3/4/09 C7117 2 $225 $450 3 $225 $6753/7/09 R4705 1 $225 $225 2 $225 $450
Materials Ledger CardP1
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15-12
Road Warriors Job Cost Sheet
Customer Carroll Connor Job No. B15Address 1542 High Point Dr. Portland, OregonJob Description Level I Alarm System on Ford Expedition Date promised 3/15/09 Date started 3/3/09 Date completed
Direct Materials Direct Labor Factory OverheadDate Req. Cost Date Ticket Cost Date Rate Cost3/7/09 R4705 $225
Total $225 Total Total
Remarks Cost SummaryDirect Materials $225Direct LaborFactory OverheadTotal Cost
Job Cost SheetP1
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15-13
Road Warriors Job Cost Sheet
Customer Carroll Connor Job No. B15Address 1542 High Point Dr. Portland, OregonJob Description Level I Alarm System on Ford Expedition Date promised 3/15/09 Date started 3/3/09 Date completed
Direct Materials Direct Labor Factory OverheadDate Req. Cost Date Ticket Cost Date Rate Cost3/7/09 R4705 $225
Total $225 Total Total
Remarks Cost SummaryDirect Materials $225Direct LaborFactory OverheadTotal Cost
Accumulate direct labor
costs by means of a
work record, such as a time ticket, for each
employee.
Let’s see one
Job Cost SheetP2
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15-14
Road Warriors Time Ticket No. L-3479
Job No. B15 Date 3/8/09
Employee Name T. Zeller Employee Number 3969
TIME AND RATE INFORMATION:
Start Time 9:00 Finish Time 12:00
Elapsed Time 3.0 Hourly Rate $20.00 Total Cost $60.00
Approved By
RemarksC. Luther
Labor Time TicketP2
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15-15
Road Warriors Job Cost Sheet
Customer Carroll Connor Job No. B15Address 1542 High Point Dr. Portland, OregonJob Description Level I Alarm System on Ford Expedition Date promised 3/15/09 Dated started 3/3/09 Date completed
Direct Materials Direct Labor Factory OverheadDate Req. Cost Date Ticket Cost Date Rate Cost3/7/09 R4705 $225 3/8/09 L3479 $60
Total $225 Total $60 Total
Remarks Cost SummaryDirect Materials $225Direct Labor 60Factory OverheadTotal Cost
Job Cost SheetP2
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15-16
Road Warriors Job Cost Sheet
Customer Carroll Connor Job No. B15Address 1542 High Point Dr. Portland, OregonJob Description Level I Alarm System on Ford Expedition Date promised 3/15/09 Date started 3/3/09 Date completed
Direct Materials Direct Labor Factory OverheadDate Req. Cost Date Ticket Cost Date Rate Cost3/7/09 R4705 $225 3/8/09 L3479 $60
Total $225 Total Total
Remarks Cost SummaryDirect Materials $225Direct Labor 60Factory OverheadTotal Cost
Allocate manufacturing overhead to jobs using a predetermined overhead rate
Let’s do it
Job Cost SheetP3
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15-17
Job Cost SheetRoad Warriors Job Cost Sheet
Customer Carroll Connor Job No. B15Address 1542 High Point Dr. Portland, OregonJob Description Level I Alarm System on Ford Expedition Date promised 3/15/09 Date started 3/3/08 Date completed 3/11/08
Direct Materials Direct Labor Factory OverheadDate Req. Cost Date Ticket Cost Date Rate Cost3/7/09 R4705 $225 3/8/09 L3479 $60 3/8/09 160% $96
Total $225 Total $60 Total $96
Remarks Cost SummaryDirect Materials $225Direct Labor 60Factory Overhead 96Total Cost $381
P3
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15-18
Road Warriors uses a predetermined overhead rate (POHR) based on direct
labor cost to apply overhead to jobs.
Estimated total manufacturingoverhead cost for the coming period
Estimated total direct labor costsfor the coming period
POHR =
POHR = = 160% of direct labor $$200,000
$125,000
Predetermined OverheadAllocation Rate Formula
P3
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15-19
Materials Ledger CardsMaterials
Ledger CardsMaterials Ledger CardsMaterialsRequisition
Direct materials
The materials requisition
indicates the cost of direct materials
to charge tojobs
and the cost of indirect materials
to charge to overhead.
Indirect materials
Job Cost Sheets
Job Cost Sheets
Job Cost Sheets
Job Cost Sheets
Factory Overhead Account
Cost Flows and DocumentsP1
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15-20
Employee time tickets indicate
the cost of direct laborto charge to
jobsand the cost
of indirect labor to charge to
overhead.
Job Cost Sheets
Factory Overhead Account
Job Cost Sheets
Job Cost Sheets
Job Cost Sheets
Direct Labor
Indirect Labor
Employee Time TicketEmployee Time
TicketEmployee Time TicketEmployee Time
Ticket
P3
Cost Flows and Documents
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15-21
MaterialPurchases
DirectMaterial
DirectMaterial
Raw Materials Goods in Process
Factory Overhead
ActualOverhead
Costs
Indirect Material
P3
Summary of Cost Flows
Dr Cr
Dr Cr Dr Cr
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15-22
Incurred DirectMaterial
Actual Applied factory factoryoverhead overhead
=/an adjustment is needed.
We will look at how to accomplish this later.
When
Goods in ProcessFactory Payroll
Factory Overhead
DirectLabor
DirectLabor
Indirect Labor
ActualOverhead
Costs
Overhead
OverheadApplied to
Work inProcess
P4
Summary of Cost Flows
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15-23
DirectMaterialDirectLabor
Overhead
Cost ofGoodsMfd.
Cost ofGoodsMfd.
Cost ofGoodsSold
Cost ofGoodsSold
Goods in Process Finished Goods
Cost of Goods Sold
P4
Summary of Cost Flows
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15-24
We multiply the POHRtimes the number of
activity units (direct labor cost for Road Warriors)
incurred for the job.
Tell me again how we use the POHR to
assign overhead to jobs.
Overhead ApplicationP4
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15-25
Overhead Application
Overhead is notincurred uniformly
during the year.
Actual overhead ratemight vary from month to month.
Predetermined ratemakes it possible to
estimate job costs sooner.
Reasons for using apredetermined overhead rate
Reasons for using apredetermined overhead rate
P4
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15-26
The result will be either underapplied or overapplied
overhead and wewill adjust Cost of Goods
Sold at the end of the period.
Here, let me show you.
The POHR is basedon estimates.
What happens ifactual results differfrom the estimates?
Adjusting of Overapplied or Underapplied Overhead
P4
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15-27
Overhead is overapplied.
Overhead is overapplied.
Overheadapplied to
Work in Process
(POHR × Activity)
Actualoverhead
costsincurred
Adjusting of Overapplied and Underapplied Overhead
P4
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15-28
Overhead is underapplied.
Overhead is underapplied.
Actualoverhead
costsincurred
Overheadapplied to
Work in Process
(POHR × Activity)
Adjusting of Overapplied and Underapplied Overhead
P4
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15-29
Cost of Goods
Overhead is: Sold is: Adjustment will:
Actual overhead > applied overhead
Underapplied Too lowIncrease Cost of Goods Sold
Actual overhead < applied overhead
Overapplied Too highDecrease Cost of Goods Sold
Adjusting Cost of Goods Sold for underapplied or overapplied overhead
Adjusting of Overapplied and Underapplied Overhead
P4
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15-30
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 21
Date DescriptionPost. Ref. Debit Credit
Raw Materials Inventory XXXXX
Accounts Payable XXXXX
Acquired materials on credit for
factory use.
Job Order CostingTypical Accounting Entries
P1
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15-31
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 21
Date DescriptionPost. Ref. Debit Credit
Goods in Process Inventory XXXXX
Raw Materials Inventory XXXXX
To assign costs of direct materials used.
Factory Overhead XXXXX
Raw Materials Inventory XXXXX
To record use of indirect materials.
P1 Job Order CostingTypical Accounting Entries
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15-32
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 21
Date DescriptionPost. Ref. Debit Credit
Factory Payroll XXXXX
Cash (and other accounts) XXXXX
To record salaries and wages of factory
workers (including various payroll
liabilities).
P2 Job Order CostingTypical Accounting Entries
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15-33
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 21
Date DescriptionPost. Ref. Debit Credit
Goods in Process Inventory XXXXX
Factory Payroll XXXXX
To assign costs of direct labor used.
Factory Overhead XXXXX
Factory Payroll XXXXX
To record indirect labor as overhead.
P2 Job Order CostingTypical Accounting Entries
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15-34
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 21
Date DescriptionPost. Ref. Debit Credit
Factory Overhead XXXXX
Prepaid Insurance XXXXX
Accrued Utilities Payable XXXXX
Cash XXXXX
Accumulated Depreciation XXXXX
To record factory overhead costs.
P3 Job Order CostingTypical Accounting Entries
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15-35
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 21
Date DescriptionPost. Ref. Debit Credit
Goods in Process Inventory XXXXX
Factory Overhead XXXXX
To apply overhead using a
predetermined overhead rate
P3 Job Order CostingTypical Accounting Entries
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15-36
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 21
Date DescriptionPost. Ref. Debit Credit
Finished Goods Inventory XXXXX
Goods in Process Inventory XXXXX
To record completion of jobs
P3 Job Order CostingTypical Accounting Entries
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15-37
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 21
Date DescriptionPost. Ref. Debit Credit
Cost of Goods Sold XXXXX
Finished Goods Inventory XXXXX
To record the sale of goods.
P3 Job Order CostingTypical Accounting Entries
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Adjusting Overhead
Overhead applied rarely equals that incurred because a predetermined overhead rate is used in applying factory overhead costs to jobs.
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15-39
Overhead is underapplied.
Overhead is underapplied.
Actualoverhead
costsincurred
Overheadapplied to
Work in Process
(POHR × Activity)
Adjusting of Overapplied and Underapplied Overhead
P4
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Under-applied overhead•Overhead incurred is more than amount applied.•Results in a debit balance in Factory Overhead.•Reflects manufacturing costs not charged to jobs.•If immaterial —Factory Overhead balance is (credited) closed and charged (debited) to Cost of Goods Sold.
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15-41
Overhead is overapplied.
Overhead is overapplied.
Overheadapplied to
Work in Process
(POHR × Activity)
Actualoverhead
costsincurred
Adjusting of Overapplied and Underapplied Overhead
P4
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Over-applied overhead•Overhead applied exceeds overhead incurred.•Results in a credit balance in the Factory Overhead.•If immaterial —Factory Overhead balance is (debited) closed to (credited) Cost of Goods Sold resulting in a reduction.
Material overhead balances are allocated among Goods in Process, Finished Goods, and Cost of Goods Sold.