Chapter 15 Personality

Exam ReviewPsychologyFall/Winter

The text defines personality as:

The

set o

f per

sonal

at..

.

An in

divid

ual’s

char

a...

A p

redic

tabl

e se

t of .

..

An u

npred

icta

ble s

et ..

0% 0%0%0%

a) The set of personal attitudes that characterizes a person

b) An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

c) A predictable set of responses to environmental stimuli

d) An unpredictable set of responses to environmental stimuli

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This is a projective test where people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they

make up about ambiguous scenes

Rors

chac

h test

MM

PI

DSM

-IV

Them

atic

App

erce

pt...

Big

Fiv

e

20% 20% 20%20%20%

a) Rorschach test

b) MMPI

c) DSM-IV

d) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

e) Big Five0of30

Which of the following places the greatest emphasis on the unconscious

mind?

The

human

istic

per

s...

The

soci

al-c

ogniti

ve...

The

trait

persp

ectiv

e

The

psych

oanal

ytic

...

0% 0%0%0%

a) The humanistic perspective

b) The social-cognitive perspective

c) The trait perspective

d) The psychoanalytic perspective

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Which of the following is the correct order of psychosexual stages proposed

by Freud?

0%

0%

0%

0% a) Oral; anal; phallic; latency; genital

b) Anal; oral; phallic; latency; genital

c) Oral; anal; genital; latency; phallic

d) Anal; oral; genital; latency; phallic

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Humanistic psychologists would most likely be criticized for underestimating

the value of:

An in

tern

al lo

cus

of c...

Sel

f-ser

ving b

ias

Soci

al in

fluen

ce

The

spotli

ght e

ffect

indi

vidual

ism

20% 20% 20%20%20%

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a) An internal locus of control

b) Self-serving bias

c) Social influence

d) The spotlight effect

e) individualism

According to Freud, defence mechanisms are methods of

reducing:

Anger

Fea

r

Anxi

ety

lust

25% 25%25%25%

0 of 5

a) Angerb) Fearc) Anxietyd) lust

Research on locus of control indicates that internal are ________ than

externals.

0%

0%

0%

0% a) More dependent

b) More intelligent

c) Better able to cope with stress

d) More sociable

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Randy’s substandard academic performance is both a result and cause of his feelings of

academic inferiority. This best illustrates the importance of:

25%

25%

25%

25% a) Self-serving bias

b) The Barnum effect

c) Reciprocal determinism

d) The self-reference phenomenon

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The humanistic perspective on personality:

Em

phasize

s th

e...

Em

phasize

s th

e...

Em

phasize

s th

e...

Des

crib

es p

ers.

..

25% 25%25%25%

0 of 5

a) Emphasizes the driving force of unconscious motivations in personality

b) Emphasizes the growth potential of “healthy” individuals

c) Emphasizes the importance of interaction with the environment in shaping personality

d) Describes personality in terms of scores on various personality scales

Which of Freud’s ideas would not be accepted by most contemporary

psychologists?

Dev

elopm

ent i

s es

sen...

Sex

uality

is a

pote

nt d...

The

min

d is

an

iceb

e..

Rep

ress

ion

can

be th

...

0% 0%0%0%

a) Development is essentially fixed in childhood

b) Sexuality is a potent drive in humans

c) The mind is an iceberg with consciousness being only the tip

d) Repression can be the cause of forgetting 0

5

In studying personality, a trait theorist would most likely:

0%

0%

0%

0% a) Use a projective testb) Observe a person in a variety of

situationsc) Use a personality inventoryd) Use the method of free

association

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Id is to ego as ____ is to ____.

Rea

lity

princi

ple; p

le...

Ple

asure

prin

ciple

; re.

..

Consc

ious

forc

es; .

..

Consc

ienc

e; “

perso

na...

0% 0%0%0%

a) Reality principle; pleasure principle

b) Pleasure principle; reality principle

c) Conscious forces; unconscious forces

d) Conscience; “personality executive”

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Which perspective on personality emphasizes the interaction between the

individual and the environment in shaping personality?

Psy

choa

nalyt

ic T

rait

Hum

anis

tic

Soci

al-c

ogniti

ve

0% 0%0%0%

a) Psychoanalyticb) Traitc) Humanisticd) Social-cognitive

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According to Freud’s theory, personality arises in response to

conflicts between:

Our u

nacce

ptable

urg

..

The

proce

ss o

f iden

tif...

The

colle

ctiv

e unco

n...

Our b

iolo

gical

impul

s..

0% 0%0%0%

a) Our unacceptable urges and our tendency to become self actualized.

b) The process of identification and the ego’s defence mechanisms.

c) The collective unconscious and our individual desires.

d) Our biological impulses and the social restraints against them.

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The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is

a(n):

Pro

ject

ive

perso

nality

...

Em

pirica

lly d

eriv

ed a

..

Per

sonal

ity te

st d

eve.

..

Per

sonal

ity te

st u

sed...

0% 0%0%0%

a) Projective personality test

b) Empirically derived and objective personality test

c) Personality test developed mainly to assess job applicants

d) Personality test used primarily to assess locus of control

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The Oedipus and Electra complexes have their roots in the:

Anal

sta

ge

Ora

l sta

ge

Lat

ency

sta

ge

Phal

lic s

tage

0% 0%0%0%

a) Anal stage

b) Oral stage

c) Latency stage

d) Phallic stage

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Which of the following statements about self-esteem is not correct?

Peo

ple w

ith lo

w sel

f-...

Peo

ple w

ith h

igh

self-

...

Peo

ple w

ith lo

w sel

f-...

Peo

ple w

ith h

igh

self.

..

0% 0%0%0%

a) People with low self-esteem tend to be negative about others

b) People with high self-esteem are less prone to drug addiction

c) People with low self-esteem tend to be non-conformists

d) People with high self-esteem suffer less from insomnia

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Professor Minton believes that people strive to find meaning in life because they are terrified of their

own mortality. Evidently, Professor Minton is a proponent of:

Ter

ror-m

anag

emen

t ...

Psy

chod

ynam

ic th

eory

The

human

istic

per

s...

The

soci

al-c

ogniti

ve...

0% 0%0%0%

a) Terror-management theory

b) Psychodynamic theory

c) The humanistic perspective

d) The social-cognitive perspective

0

5

Because Ramona identifies with her politically conservative parents, she chose to enroll in a conservative college. After four years in this

environment Ramona’s politics have become even more conservative. Which perspective best

accounts for the mutual influences of Ramona’s upbringing, choice of school, and political

viewpoint?

Psy

choa

nalyt

ic T

rait

Hum

anis

tic

Soci

al-c

ogniti

ve

0% 0%0%0%

a) Psychoanalytic

b) Trait

c) Humanistic

d) Social-cognitive0 of 5

Jill has a biting, sarcastic manner. According to Freud, she is:

Pro

ject

ing h

er a

nxiet

...

Fix

ated

in th

e ora

l sta

..

Fix

ated

in th

e an

al s

t...

Dis

placi

ng h

er a

nxiet

...

0% 0%0%0%

a) Projecting her anxiety onto others

b) Fixated in the oral stage of development

c) Fixated in the anal stage of development

d) Displacing her anxiety onto others

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James attributes his failing grade in chemistry to an unfair final exam. His

attitude exemplifies:

Inte

rnal

locu

s of

contro

l

Unco

nditional

posi

ti..

The

self-

serv

ing b

ias

Rec

ipro

cal d

eter

min

ism

0% 0%0%0%

a) Internal locus of control

b) Unconditional positive regard

c) The self-serving bias

d) Reciprocal determinism

0

5

The behaviour of many people has been described in terms of a spotlight

effect. This means that they:

Ten

d to s

ee th

emse

lv..

Per

ceiv

e th

at th

eir f

ate.

..

Ove

rest

imat

e th

e ex

te..

Do a

ll of t

he ab

ove

0% 0%0%0%

a) Tend to see themselves as being above average in ability

b) Perceive that their fate is determined by forces not under their personal control

c) Overestimate the extent to which other people are noticing them

d) Do all of the above

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A psychologist at the campus mental health centre administered an

empirically derived personality test to diagnose an emotionally troubled

student. Which test did the psychologist most likely administer?

The

MM

PI

The

TAT

The

Rorsch

ach

The

Locus

of C

ontro

...

0% 0%0%0%

a) The MMPI

b) The TAT

c) The Rorschach

d) The Locus of Control Scale

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The personality test Teresa is taking involves her describing random patterns of dots. What type of test is she taking?

An e

mpiri

cally

der

ived

...

The

MM

PI

A p

erso

nality

inve

ntory

A p

roje

ctiv

e te

st

25% 25%25%25%

1. An empirically derived test

2. The MMPI

3. A personality inventory

4. A projective test

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The personality test Teresa is taking involves her describing random

patterns of dots. What type of test is she taking?

An e

mpiri

cally

der

iv..

The

MM

PI

A p

erso

nality

inve

ntory

A p

roje

ctiv

e te

st

0% 0%0%0%

a) An empirically derived test

b) The MMPI

c) A personality inventory

d) A projective test

0

5

The concept of personality most clearly embodies the notion of:

Mora

l inte

grity

Sel

f-cons

ciou

snes

s

Beh

avio

ural

consi

st...

Sel

f-act

ualiz

atio

n

Gen

der i

dentit

y

20% 20% 20%20%20%a) Moral integrity

b) Self-consciousness

c) Behavioural consistency

d) Self-actualization

e) Gender identity

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Freud believed that certain troubling symptoms could be traced to painful unconscious memories. This led him to suspect that these symptoms resulted from:

Gen

etic

def

ects

An in

ferio

rity

com

plex

Psy

chol

ogic

al p

roce

...

An in

tern

al lo

cus

of c...

Rec

ipro

cal d

eter

min

ism

20% 20% 20%20%20%

a) Genetic defects

b) An inferiority complex

c) Psychological processes

d) An internal locus of control

e) Reciprocal determinism

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Free association is central to the process of:

Fac

tor a

naly

sis

Sel

f-ser

ving b

ias

Psy

choa

nalys

is

Rec

ipro

cal d

eter

min

ism

Unco

nditional

posi

ti..

20% 20% 20%20%20%a) Factor analysis

b) Self-serving bias

c) Psychoanalysis

d) Reciprocal determinism

e) Unconditional positive regard

0

0

30

Freud suggested that slips of the tongue illustrate an incomplete:

Fix

atio

n

Dis

place

men

t

Rat

ional

izat

ion

Pro

ject

ion

Rep

ress

ion

20% 20% 20%20%20%

a) Fixation

b) Displacement

c) Rationalization

d) Projection

e) Repression

Carl Rogers emphasized that a positive self-concept is promoted by:

An e

xter

nal lo

cus

of ...

Unco

nditional

posi

tiv...

Colle

ctiv

e unco

nscio

us

Rec

ipro

cal d

eter

min

ism

Fre

e as

soci

atio

n

20% 20% 20%20%20%a) An external locus of control

b) Unconditional positive regard

c) Collective unconscious

d) Reciprocal determinism

e) Free association

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