chapter 15 section 1: theories of evolution. lamarck’ theory of evolution organisms had...
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Charles Darwin – The Trip Charles Darwin: The naturalist Charles Darwin: The naturalist Traveled on H.M.S. Beagle in 1831 to the Galapagos Islands Traveled on H.M.S. Beagle in 1831 to the Galapagos Islands –Climates –Finches –TortoisesTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 15Chapter 15Section 1: Theories of Section 1: Theories of
EvolutionEvolution
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Lamarck’ Theory of Lamarck’ Theory of EvolutionEvolution• Organisms had need/desire to Organisms had need/desire to
improveimprove• Use and disuseUse and disuse• Inheritance of acquired Inheritance of acquired
characteristicscharacteristics
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Charles Darwin – The TripCharles Darwin – The Trip• Charles Darwin: The naturalistCharles Darwin: The naturalist• Traveled on Traveled on H.M.S. BeagleH.M.S. Beagle in 1831 to in 1831 to
the Galapagos Islandsthe Galapagos Islands– ClimatesClimates– FinchesFinches– TortoisesTortoises
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Hawaiian Honeycreeper
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Darwin and Modern Darwin and Modern EvolutionEvolution• Darwin: A brief historyDarwin: A brief history• Influences on Darwin:Influences on Darwin:
– Trip to the Galapagos IslandsTrip to the Galapagos Islands– Hutton and Lyell (Unifromitarianism)Hutton and Lyell (Unifromitarianism)– Thomas MalthusThomas Malthus– Alfred WallaceAlfred Wallace
• Publication of Publication of The Origin of SpeciesThe Origin of Species - - 18591859
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Darwin’s Application of Darwin’s Application of MalthusMalthus
– Organisms produce more offspring Organisms produce more offspring than can survivethan can survive
– This produces a struggle for existenceThis produces a struggle for existence– Each member has variationsEach member has variations– Those with variations that give the Those with variations that give the
organism an advantage will have the organism an advantage will have the best chance for survival = “survival of best chance for survival = “survival of the fittestthe fittest””
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Darwin’s TheoriesDarwin’s Theories• Descent with ModificationDescent with Modification
– Common ancestryCommon ancestry• Modification by Natural SelectionModification by Natural Selection
– FitnessFitness– Adaptive advantageAdaptive advantage– Source of adaptation?Source of adaptation?– Definition of successDefinition of success
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Explaining Natural SelectionExplaining Natural Selection• Occurs when organisms with Occurs when organisms with higher higher
fitnessfitness survive, reproduce and survive, reproduce and successfully pass on their traitssuccessfully pass on their traits
• Organisms with lower fitness are less Organisms with lower fitness are less likely to survive likely to survive
• Eventually, population is made up of Eventually, population is made up of only those with higher fitnessonly those with higher fitness
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QODQODWhat evidence do we have to What evidence do we have to support evolution by natural support evolution by natural
selection?selection?
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FossilsFossils• Definition:Definition:• Types:Types:
– MoldMold– CastCast– AmberAmber– FrozenFrozen– ImprintImprint– TraceTrace– MineralizedMineralized
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How Fossils Form
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Distribution of FossilsDistribution of Fossils• LocationLocation
– Type of rockType of rock– Law of superpositionLaw of superposition– Stratum/StrataStratum/Strata
• AgeAge– Relative ageRelative age– Absolute ageAbsolute age
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Fossils in Rock Layers
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Succession and Succession and BiogeographyBiogeography• Succession of FormsSuccession of Forms
– ExtinctionExtinction– Mass extinctionMass extinction
• BiogeographyBiogeography
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Evidence for EvolutionEvidence for Evolution• FossilsFossils• Homologous StructuresHomologous Structures• Analogous StructuresAnalogous Structures• Vestigial StructuresVestigial Structures• EmbryologyEmbryology• MacromoleculesMacromolecules
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Homologous Structures
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Analogous structuresAnalogous structures
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Vestigial Structures
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Other Forms of EvidenceOther Forms of Evidence
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Patterns of EvolutionPatterns of Evolution• CoevolutionCoevolution• Convergent evolutionConvergent evolution• Divergent evolutionDivergent evolution
– Adaptive radiationAdaptive radiation– Artificial selectionArtificial selection
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Hawaiian Honeycreeper
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QODQODWhere do we see natural Where do we see natural selection in action today?selection in action today?
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Kettlewell and the peppered Kettlewell and the peppered mothmoth
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Antibiotic resistanceAntibiotic resistance