Chapter 15:The New Deal

Section 2:The Second New Deal Takes Hold

Standards11.6.4

Analyze the effects of and the Analyze the effects of and the controversies arising from New Deal controversies arising from New Deal economic policies and the expanded role economic policies and the expanded role of the federal government in society and of the federal government in society and the economy since the 1930sthe economy since the 1930s Works Progress AdministrationWorks Progress Administration Social SecuritySocial Security National Labor Relations BoardNational Labor Relations Board farm programsfarm programs regional development policiesregional development policies energy development projects such as the Tennessee energy development projects such as the Tennessee

Valley Authority, California Central Valley ProjectValley Authority, California Central Valley Project

Objectives:Following lecture and reading of this section, students will be able to:1.Describe the purposes of the Second New Deal

2.Summarize the New Deal programs for farmers

3.Describe Second New Deal programs that helped youths and professionals

4.Summarize labor and economic reforms under the Second New Deal

The 2nd New Deal (2nd Hundred Days)

Two years after 1st New Deal FDR wanted to provide more relief for

farmers and workers than brought by 1st New DealFDR led in this direction by Eleanor, his wife

Social reformer she traveled the country and advised her husband, FDR on matters

Social conditions Suffering Woman’s gains

1936, FDR re-elected and the democrats won the majority in both houses of Congress.

Helping FarmersHelping Farmers Soil Conservation & Domestic Allotment ActSoil Conservation & Domestic Allotment Act

Paid farmers for cutting production of soil-depleting Paid farmers for cutting production of soil-depleting cropscrops

Rewarded farmers for practicing good soil Rewarded farmers for practicing good soil conservation techniquesconservation techniques

(Second) Agricultural Adjustment Act(Second) Agricultural Adjustment Act Brought back most of 1Brought back most of 1stst AAA AAA

It cut out a processing tax that paid for farm It cut out a processing tax that paid for farm subsidiessubsidies

What Supreme Court said was unconstitutionalWhat Supreme Court said was unconstitutional Farm Security AdministrationFarm Security Administration

Help sharecroppers and migrants to buy landHelp sharecroppers and migrants to buy land Hired photographers, like Dorothea Lange, to Hired photographers, like Dorothea Lange, to

document the difficulties faced in rural areas…document the difficulties faced in rural areas…

Helping youths & Helping youths & ProfessionalsProfessionals The WPA offers direct assistance by spending

$11 billion & creating 8 million new jobs (women & minorities) Built:

850 airports650,000 miles of roads125,000 public buildings300 million clothing items (women)

Professionals:Wrote guides to citiesCollected Slave NarrativesPainted murals at schools

The NYA (National Youth Authority) Created specifically to provide aid,

education, counseling, recreation, and employment to youths.

Improving LaborImproving Labor Wagner ActWagner Act

Re-established much of Re-established much of unconstitutional NIRAunconstitutional NIRA Right of workers to join unions and Right of workers to join unions and

Collectively bargainCollectively bargain Prohibited unfair labor practices (firing Prohibited unfair labor practices (firing

union workers) union workers)

Fair Labor Standards ActFair Labor Standards Act Set maximum work hours at 44/weekSet maximum work hours at 44/week Minimum wage $.25/hr.Minimum wage $.25/hr. Rules for employment under 16 yrs. oldRules for employment under 16 yrs. old

Other ReformsOther Reforms Social Security ActSocial Security Act

Old Age insurance for retirees 65 & older Old Age insurance for retirees 65 & older w/spousew/spouse

Unemployment compensationUnemployment compensation Aid to families w/dependent children & disabledAid to families w/dependent children & disabled

Not a complete retirement or welfare systemNot a complete retirement or welfare system

Regulating UtilitiesRegulating Utilities Rural Electrification Administration (REA)Rural Electrification Administration (REA)

1949, brought electricity to 90% of farms; 1935 1949, brought electricity to 90% of farms; 1935 12.6%12.6%

Public Utility Holding Company Act (1935)Public Utility Holding Company Act (1935) Outlawed ownership of utilities by multiple Outlawed ownership of utilities by multiple

holding companies, they jacked up prices.holding companies, they jacked up prices.