Chapter 16Chapter 16

Central EuropeCentral Europe

Ch. 16 - sect. 1France

Ch. 16 - sect. 1France

Northern France Paris Basin - large region drained by the Seine Center -Paris Lille, France - industrial center north of Paris Southwestern France Warmer , dryer soil - perfect for

grapes Bordeaux - best wine producing city

Northern France Paris Basin - large region drained by the Seine Center -Paris Lille, France - industrial center north of Paris Southwestern France Warmer , dryer soil - perfect for

grapes Bordeaux - best wine producing city

Section 1 continuedSection 1 continued

Southcentral and Southeastern France Massif Central (middle) and Alps (west)

Rhone river lies between them Massif central - poor soil 1965 - tunnel through Mont Blanc into Italy

Southcentral and Southeastern France Massif Central (middle) and Alps (west)

Rhone river lies between them Massif central - poor soil 1965 - tunnel through Mont Blanc into Italy

France cont.France cont.

French Riviera - between the Alps and the Mediterranean sea, low - lying coastal area, popular tourist area

Port of Marseille - busiest in France Petroleum, wine, electronic goods, and chemicals

French Riviera - between the Alps and the Mediterranean sea, low - lying coastal area, popular tourist area

Port of Marseille - busiest in France Petroleum, wine, electronic goods, and chemicals

France - history and culture

France - history and culture

France was known as Gaul, Romans took over and ruled for 500 years

Franks came from Germany and conquered the region

Charlemagne - King of France and surrounding area The Holy Roman Empire (768 A.D.)

After Charlemagne’s death and the fall of the Empire nobles took power

Hugh Capet - Paris ruler that expanded the borders of France to what we know today (1589)

1789 - end of monarch rule in France

France was known as Gaul, Romans took over and ruled for 500 years

Franks came from Germany and conquered the region

Charlemagne - King of France and surrounding area The Holy Roman Empire (768 A.D.)

After Charlemagne’s death and the fall of the Empire nobles took power

Hugh Capet - Paris ruler that expanded the borders of France to what we know today (1589)

1789 - end of monarch rule in France

French cultureFrench culture

French - main language, but many dialects (variations for a language that are unique to the region)

Artists - Claude Monet, Pierre Renoir Impressionism - style of painting France Today Nationalized - brought under state control

France has done this for some businesses to spark the economy

French - main language, but many dialects (variations for a language that are unique to the region)

Artists - Claude Monet, Pierre Renoir Impressionism - style of painting France Today Nationalized - brought under state control

France has done this for some businesses to spark the economy

PicturesPictures

The Louve Arc de Triomph Renoir

Water Lilies by Monet

The Louve Arc de Triomph Renoir

Water Lilies by Monet

Germany 16-2Germany 16-2

Germany struggles for unity 1500 - 1600 Protestant Reformation - divided Germany

East Germany - known as Prussia led a movement to merge states into a Confederation - loose political union

1871 Germany defeats France in the Franco - Prussian war - New German Empire formed

Germany struggles for unity 1500 - 1600 Protestant Reformation - divided Germany

East Germany - known as Prussia led a movement to merge states into a Confederation - loose political union

1871 Germany defeats France in the Franco - Prussian war - New German Empire formed

GermanyGermany

WWI Germany was a part of the Triple Alliance - defeated in 1918

Treaty of Versailles - ended WWI, made Germany pay reparations, and Germany took the blame for the war

Inflation and eventual depression caused Adolf Hitler to come to power

WWII 1939 - 1945

WWI Germany was a part of the Triple Alliance - defeated in 1918

Treaty of Versailles - ended WWI, made Germany pay reparations, and Germany took the blame for the war

Inflation and eventual depression caused Adolf Hitler to come to power

WWII 1939 - 1945

One people, two countries

One people, two countries

After WWII Germany was divided into 4 parts - eventually became 2 (East and West)

Federal Republic of Germany (West) established in 1949

Oct. 3, 1990 - officially reunified East and West

North, Central and Southern Germany - see your region assignment

After WWII Germany was divided into 4 parts - eventually became 2 (East and West)

Federal Republic of Germany (West) established in 1949

Oct. 3, 1990 - officially reunified East and West

North, Central and Southern Germany - see your region assignment

Section 3 Benelux countries

Section 3 Benelux countries

Low countries - Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg

Low, flat and just a little larger than W. Virginia

Population - 26 million (Canada’s pop.)

Netherlands Belgium

Luxembourg

Low countries - Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg

Low, flat and just a little larger than W. Virginia

Population - 26 million (Canada’s pop.)

Netherlands Belgium

Luxembourg

NetherlandsNetherlands

1/5 of their land is reclaimed from the sea

1/3 of their land is below sea level Started with dikes - embankments of earth and rock, hold back water

Polder - reclaiming the land by pumping out the water into canals

Powered by windmills

1/5 of their land is reclaimed from the sea

1/3 of their land is below sea level Started with dikes - embankments of earth and rock, hold back water

Polder - reclaiming the land by pumping out the water into canals

Powered by windmills

Netherlands - cont.Netherlands - cont.

Randstad - The Hague, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, and Utretcht - 4 cities that make up an arc shaped metropolis - trying to keep their population in cities

Many key ports

Randstad - The Hague, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, and Utretcht - 4 cities that make up an arc shaped metropolis - trying to keep their population in cities

Many key ports

BelgiumBelgium

Diversity in their population - 30% French (Walloons) 55% Dutch (Flemish) - official language

Gained independence from Netherlands in 1830

LUXEMBOURG 998 sq. miles Lang - diverse French, German and Luxembourg Part of EC Economic activity - high tech. and service industries

Diversity in their population - 30% French (Walloons) 55% Dutch (Flemish) - official language

Gained independence from Netherlands in 1830

LUXEMBOURG 998 sq. miles Lang - diverse French, German and Luxembourg Part of EC Economic activity - high tech. and service industries

Sect. 4Sect. 4

Switzerland - Confederation Helvetica or Swiss Confederation

3 official languages - German (65%), French (18%) and Italian (7%)

26 cantons - states Executive branch - 7 member council with 1 elected “President” for 1 year

1291 - 3 Swiss Cantons fought the Austrian empire and won - Switzerland was formed

1798 - Swiss defeated Napoleon and it was the last time they took sides in a war - NEUTRAL

Switzerland - Confederation Helvetica or Swiss Confederation

3 official languages - German (65%), French (18%) and Italian (7%)

26 cantons - states Executive branch - 7 member council with 1 elected “President” for 1 year

1291 - 3 Swiss Cantons fought the Austrian empire and won - Switzerland was formed

1798 - Swiss defeated Napoleon and it was the last time they took sides in a war - NEUTRAL

Switzerland cont.Switzerland cont.

Economy - strong even though they have few resources

One Swiss Franc - .98 American dollar Dairy farming - most important ag. spring - in Mt. Fall - valley Famous for chocolate and cheese Technology - watches and microscopes tourism

Economy - strong even though they have few resources

One Swiss Franc - .98 American dollar Dairy farming - most important ag. spring - in Mt. Fall - valley Famous for chocolate and cheese Technology - watches and microscopes tourism

Switzerland - physicalSwitzerland - physical

Climate - marine west coast - temperate variations according to elevation

Mountains - Alps (south) Jura (N.W.)

Population 7 million Religion - catholic with large atheist population

Not in EU Joined UN in 2002

Climate - marine west coast - temperate variations according to elevation

Mountains - Alps (south) Jura (N.W.)

Population 7 million Religion - catholic with large atheist population

Not in EU Joined UN in 2002

AustriaAustria

Modern borders were formed after their defeat in WWI (Austria - Hungarian empire)

Alps - iron ore Machine tools - manufacturing Ag. - cattle breeding and dairy Vienna - smaller since 1918 Heavy influence from Germany (98% ) One Euro = 1.5 American $

Modern borders were formed after their defeat in WWI (Austria - Hungarian empire)

Alps - iron ore Machine tools - manufacturing Ag. - cattle breeding and dairy Vienna - smaller since 1918 Heavy influence from Germany (98% ) One Euro = 1.5 American $