chapter 16 notes vessels
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 16 Cardiovascular System- Vessels
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Types of Vessels
• There are 5 types of blood vessels.
• Arteries - take blood away from heart-aorta and pulmonary trunk
• arterioles - medium sized
• capillaries - microscopic vessels in tissues
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Types of Vessels
• venules - small veins
• veins - take blood back to heart
• arteries --> arterioles --> capillaries --> venules --> veins
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Blood Reservoirs
• Because veins carry so much blood, certain veins function as blood reservoirs, or holders of blood.
• The main areas are veins of the abdominal organs.
• This blood can be diverted quickly to other parts of the body when needed such as skeletal muscles.
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Arteries and Arterioles
• Lumen -hollow space thru which blood flows
• Inner layer of endothelium- simple squamous
• Middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue
• Outer layer of elastic and collagen fibers
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Nervous System Control
• Vasoconstriction - sympathetic nervous stimulation causes contraction of muscle and decrease in diameter of lumen
• Vasodilation - decrease in stimulation of SNS causes relaxation of muscle and increase in diameter of lumen
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Veins and Venules
• Veins return blood from the body to the heart-deoxygenated blood
• Middle and inner layers thinner than arteries
• contain valves which prevent backflow of blood– varicose veins caused by repeated pressure
from backflow which pushes vein walls out
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Venous Return• Due to pressure
from– heart contractions– skeletal muscle
pump
– respiratory pump
• diaphragm moves down and decrease thoracic pressure and increasing abdominal pressure
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Capillaries connect arteries and veins. This is where oxygen is exchanged with the body.
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Capillaries
• Microscopic with blood flow when tissue active
• movement of substances into and out of tissue cells
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Capillary exchange• Simple Diffusion
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Bulk Flow
• bulk flow - passive process of movement of large numbers of particles in same direction
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Bulk Flow
– filtration - water and solutes flow from capillary into interstitial fluid
– reabsorption - water and solutes flow from interstitial fluid back into capillary
– autoregulation - tissue control of flow by vasodilation and vasoconstriction
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Blood Pressure
• Pressure exerted on walls of vessels
• vascular resistance is opposition to blood flow and affects BP
– size of blood vessel lumen (inner space)
– blood viscosity (thickness)
– total blood vessel length
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• regulation
– cardiovascular center
– hormonal
• Systolic – pressure when heart contracts
• Diastolic – pressure when heart relaxes
• Sphygmomanometer – blood pressure cuff
• Which number should be higher? Why?
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Systemic
• Systemic circulation- includes the aorta that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body and the veins and venules that carry deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium
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Pulmonary
• Pulmonary circulation- the flow of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to air sacs in the lungs and the return of oxygenated blood to the left atrium
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Vocabulary
• Artery• Arteriole• Capillary• Capillary exchange
• Venule• Vein• Blood pressure• Systemic circulation• Pulmonary circulation