chapter 16 psychological disorders. quiz 1.social nonconformity is the failure to conform to...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders
![Page 2: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Quiz1. Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to
societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social conduct, culturally specific.
2. Mood disorder is a major disturbance in mood or emotion, such as depression or mania or bipolarity.
3. Schizophrenia means having a split personality4. Everyone who experiences the same traumatic
event will experience PTSD.5. Once someone is diagnosed with a major mental
health disorder, they are considered crazy and there is not much that can be done to help them.
![Page 3: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is Normal?
• Psychopathology: Scientific study of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders; abnormal or maladaptive behavior
• Subjective Discomfort: Subjective feelings of pain, unhappiness, or emotional distress
• Statistical Abnormality: Having extreme scores on some dimension, such as intelligence, anxiety, or depression
![Page 4: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What is Normal? Continued
• Social Nonconformity: Disobeying societal standards for normal conduct; usually leads to destructive or self-destructive behavior
• Situational Context: Social situation, behavioral setting, or general circumstances in which an action takes place– Is it normal to walk around strangers naked?
If you are in a locker room and in the shower area, yes!
![Page 5: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cultural Relativity
• Prepare a list of normal behaviors that involve interacting with other people
• Who are they normal or abnormal for?• A man? A woman? A culture emphasizing
passivity? A culture emphasizing aggression?• Judgments are made relative to the values of
one’s culture
![Page 6: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Fig. 16-1, p. 533
![Page 7: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Statistical Abnormality
• Estimate the number of parties you have attended in the last month.
• Estimate the number of hours you have spent watching TV or using the computer (not for homework) in the last week
• Estimate the number of hours you have spent with your family in the last week
• What should define compulsive partying? Or other compulsive behavior?
• What is the cutoff for being addicted to any of these behaviors?
![Page 8: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Fig. 16-2, p. 536
![Page 9: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Clarifying and Defining Abnormal Behavior (Mental Illness)
• Maladaptive Behavior: Behavior that makes it difficult to function, to adapt to the environment, and to meet everyday demands
• Mental Disorder: Significant impairment in psychological functioning
• Those with mental illness lose the ability to adequately control thoughts, behaviors, or feelings
![Page 10: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
p. 533
![Page 11: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
General Risk Factors for Contracting Mental Illness
• Social Conditions: Poverty, homelessness, overcrowding, stressful living conditions
• Family Factors: Parents who are immature, mentally ill, abusive, or criminal; poor child discipline; severe marital or relationship problems
• Psychological Factors: Low intelligence, stress, learning disorders
• Biological Factors: Genetic defects or inherited vulnerabilities; poor prenatal care, head injuries, exposure to toxins, chronic physical illness, or disability
![Page 12: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Insanity
• Definition: A legal term; refers to an inability to manage one’s affairs or to be aware of the consequences of one’s actions– Those judged insane (by a court of law) are not
held legally accountable for their actions– Can be involuntarily committed to a psychiatric
hospital– Some movements today are trying to abolish the
insanity plea and defense; desire to make everyone accountable for their actions
– How accurate is the judgment of insanity?
![Page 13: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Insanity
• How do you define insanity?• DSM-IV TR definition: Interferes with daily functioning on
the following 2 out of 5 of the following categories.• (page 312)• Legal Defense: When an accused person in a criminal
prosecution to avoid liability for the commission of a crime because, at the time of the crime, the person did not appreciate the nature or quality or wrongfulness of the acts.
![Page 14: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)
• A person who lacks a conscience (superego?); typically emotionally shallow, impulsive, selfish, and manipulative toward others– Oftentimes called psychopaths or sociopaths
• Many are delinquents or criminals, but many are NOT crazed murderers displayed on television
• Create a good first impression and are often charming
• Cheat their way through life (e.g., Scott Peterson)
![Page 15: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
APD: Causes and Treatments
• Possible Causes:– Childhood history of emotional deprivation,
neglect, and physical abuse– Underarousal of the brain
• Very difficult to effectively treat; will likely lie, charm, and manipulate their way through therapy
![Page 16: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Anxiety-Based Disorders
• Anxiety: Feelings of apprehension, dread, or uneasiness
• Adjustment Disorders: When ordinary stress causes emotional disturbance and pushes people beyond their ability to effectively cope– Usually suffer sleep disturbances, irritability,
and depression– Examples: Grief reactions, lengthy physical
illness, unemployment
![Page 18: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Panic Disorder without Agoraphobia
• A chronic state of anxiety with brief moments of sudden, intense, unexpected panic (panic attack)– Panic Attack: Feels like one is having a heart
attack, going to die, or is going insane – Symptoms include vertigo, chest pain,
choking, fear of losing control
![Page 19: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Specific Phobias
• Irrational, persistent fears, anxiety, and avoidance that focus on specific objects, activities, or situations
• People with phobias realize that their fears are unreasonable and excessive, but they cannot control them
![Page 20: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Obsession
• Recurring images or thoughts that a person cannot prevent – Cause anxiety and extreme discomfort– Enter into consciousness against the person’s will– Most common: Being dirty, wondering if you
performed an action (turned off the stove), or violence (hit by a car)
– Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) : Extreme preoccupation with certain thoughts and compulsive performance of certain behaviors
![Page 21: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Compulsion
• Irrational acts that person feels compelled to repeat against his/her will– Help to control anxiety created by obsessions– Checkers and cleaners
![Page 22: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Stress Disorders
• Occur when stresses outside range of normal human experience cause major emotional disturbance– Symptoms: Reliving traumatic event
repeatedly, avoiding stimuli associated with the event, and numbing of emotions
![Page 24: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Acute Stress Disorder
• Psychological disturbance lasting up to one month following stresses from a traumatic event
• What does a nervous breakdown look like?• What has broken down?• What nerves are being referred to?
![Page 25: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
• Lasts more than one month after the traumatic event has occurred; may last for years – Typically associated with combat and violent
crimes (rape, assault, etc.)– Terrorist attacks on September 11th, 2001,
likely led to an increase of PTSD
![Page 26: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Dissociative Disorders
• Dissociative Amnesia: Inability to recall one’s name, address, or past
• Dissociative Fugue: Sudden travel away from home and confusion about personal identity– Usually triggered by highly traumatic events
![Page 27: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Split Personality
• What does split personality mean?• What is split?• What would it look like?• How would you treat it?
![Page 28: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
• Person has two or more distinct, separate identities or personality states; previously known as Multiple Personality Disorder– “Sybil” or “The Three Faces of Eve” are good
examples – Often begins with horrific childhood
experiences (e.g., abuse, molestation, etc.)– Therapy often makes use of hypnosis– Goal: Integrate and fuse identities into single,
stable personality
![Page 29: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Hypochondriasis
• Person is preoccupied with having a serious illness or disease – Interpret normal sensations and bodily signs
as proof that they have a terrible disease– No physical disorder can be found
![Page 30: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Somatization Disorder
• Person expresses anxieties through numerous physical complaints – Many doctors are consulted but no organic or
physical causes are found
![Page 31: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Glove Anesthesia• Loss of skin sensitivity in areas normally
covered by a glove
![Page 32: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Theoretical Causes of Anxiety Disorders: Psychodynamic (Freud)
• Anxiety caused by conflicts among id, ego, and superego– Forbidden id impulses for sex or aggression
are trying to break into consciousness and thus influence behavior; person fears doing something crazy or forbidden
– Superego creates guilt in response to these impulses
– Ego gets overwhelmed and uses defense mechanisms to cope
![Page 33: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Psychosis
• Loss of contact with shared views of reality• Delusions: False beliefs that individuals insist
are true, regardless of overwhelming evidence against them
![Page 34: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Hallucinations
• Imaginary sensations, such as seeing, hearing, or smelling things that do not exist in the real world– Most common psychotic hallucination is
hearing voices– Note that olfactory hallucinations sometimes
occur with seizure disorder (epilepsy)
![Page 35: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Some More Psychotic Symptoms
• Flat Affect: Lack of emotional responsiveness; face is frozen in blank expression
• Disturbed Verbal Communication: Garbled and chaotic speech; word salad
• Personality Disintegration: When an individual’s thoughts, actions, and no longer connected
![Page 36: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Other Psychotic Disorders
• Organic Psychosis: Psychosis caused by brain injury or disease– Dementia: Most common organic psychosis;
serious mental impairment in old age caused by brain deterioration
– Archaically known as senility
![Page 37: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Alzheimer’s Disease
• Symptoms include impaired memory, mental confusion, and progressive loss of mental abilities– Ronald Reagan most famous Alzheimer’s
victim
![Page 38: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
p. 551
![Page 39: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Fig. 16-5, p. 550
![Page 40: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Delusional Disorders
• Marked by presence of deeply held false beliefs (delusions)– May involve delusions of grandeur,
persecution, jealousy, or somatic delusions– Experiences could really occur!
• Paranoid Psychosis: Most common delusional disorder– Centers on delusions of persecution
![Page 41: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Schizophrenia: The Most Severe Mental Illness
• Psychotic disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, apathy, thinking abnormalities, and “split” between thoughts and emotions– Does NOT refer to having split or multiple
personalities
![Page 42: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Four Subtypes of Schizophrenia
• Disorganized: Incoherence, grossly disorganized behavior, bizarre thinking, and flat or grossly inappropriate emotions
• Catatonic: Marked by stupor, unresponsiveness, posturing, mutism, and sometimes, by agitated, purposeless behavior
• Paranoid type: Preoccupation with delusions; also involves auditory hallucinations that are related to a single theme, especially grandeur or persecution
• Undifferentiated: Any type of schizophrenia that does not have specific paranoid, catatonic, or disorganized features or symptoms
![Page 43: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
p. 553
![Page 44: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Causes of Schizophrenia
• Psychological Trauma: Psychological injury or shock, often caused by violence, abuse, or neglect
• Disturbed Family Environment: Stressful or unhealthy family relationships, communication patterns, and emotional atmosphere
• Deviant Communication Patterns: Cause guilt, anxiety, anger, confusion, and turmoil
![Page 45: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
p. 556
![Page 46: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
p. 556
![Page 47: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
p. 556
![Page 48: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
p. 556
![Page 49: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Fig. 16-6, p. 554
![Page 50: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Biochemical Causes of Schizophrenia
• Biochemical Abnormality: Disturbance in brain’s chemical systems or in the brain’s neurotransmitters
• Dopamine: Neurotransmitter involved with emotions and muscle movement– Works in limbic system
• Dopamine overactivity in brain may be related to schizophrenia
• Glutamate: A neurotransmitter; may also be involved
![Page 51: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Fig. 16-7, p. 555
![Page 52: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Fig. 16-8, p. 556
![Page 53: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Schizophrenic Brain Images
• Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: Computer enhanced X-ray of brain or body
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan: Computer enhanced three-dimensional image of brain or body; based on magnetic field– MRIs show schizophrenic brains as having
enlarged ventricles
![Page 54: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Stress-Vulnerability Model
• Combination of environmental stress and inherited susceptibility cause schizophrenic disorders
![Page 55: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Mood Disorders
• Major disturbances in emotion, such as depression or mania
• Depressive Disorders: Sadness or despondency are prolonged, exaggerated, or unreasonable
• Bipolar Disorders: Involve both depression and mania or hypomania
• Dysthymic Disorder: Moderate depression that lasts for at least two years
• Cyclothymic Disorder: Moderate manic and depressive behavior that lasts for at least two years
![Page 56: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Major Mood Disorders
• Lasting extremes of mood or emotion and sometimes with psychotic features (hallucinations, delusions)
• Major Depressive Disorder: A mood disorder where the person has suffered one or more intense episodes of depression; one of the more serious mood disorders
![Page 57: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Bipolar Disorders
• Bipolar I Disorder: Person experiences extreme mania and deep depression– Mania: Excited, hyperactive, energetic,
grandiose behavior• Bipolar II Disorder: Person is mainly sad but has
one or more hypomanic episodes (mild mania)
![Page 58: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Postpartum Depression
• Moderately severe depression that begins within three months following childbirth– Marked by mood swings, despondency,
feelings of inadequacy, and an inability to cope with the new baby
– May last from two months to one year– Part of the problem may be hormonal
![Page 59: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
• Depression that only occurs during fall and winter– May be related to reduced exposure to
sunlight– Phototherapy: Extended exposure to bright
light to treat SAD
![Page 60: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Fig. 16-12, p. 561
![Page 61: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Other Psychological Disorders
• Substance Related Disorders: Abuse or dependence on a mind- or mood-altering drug, like alcohol or cocaine– Person cannot stop using the substance and
may suffer withdrawal symptoms if they do• Sexual and Gender Identity Disorder: Problems
with sexual identity, deviant sexual behavior, or sexual adjustment
• Neurosis: Archaic; once used to refer to anxiety, somatoform, dissociative disorders, and to some forms of depression (as a whole group)
![Page 62: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Mentally Healthy?What does it mean to be mentally healthy?What are the basic attributes?How can we discuss psychopathology (problems) without a thorough understanding of health?For example: Jahoda’s list:Accurate self concept, self awareness and self acceptanceSelf actualization, full use of potentialAutonomyIntegration, a coherent outlook on lifeAccurate perceptions of reality and social sensitivityCompetence and mastery of the environment
![Page 63: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Deviant Behavior
• You get the chance to observe deviant behavior in action.
• In groups of 3, one of you will be the deviant behaver, and the other 2 will be the observers.
• Go out in the building, or surrounding areas and do something that is not “normal”
• The observers will report how your behavior was responded to by other people
• Don’t do anything entirely inappropriate, offensive or that would get yourself or me into trouble
• See page 533 in your textbooks for an example
![Page 64: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Deviant Discussion
• Reactions of the unsuspecting to the “deviant”• Negative sanctions applied by the subjects• Feelings of students before, during and after event• What does it mean to be normal or abnormal? Are your
thoughts different now than they were in the beginning of class?
![Page 65: Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders. Quiz 1.Social nonconformity is the failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649e6a5503460f94b680f8/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
• file:///E:/Media/Videos/chapter16/index.html