chapter 16: the phrase english 12a – mrs. krabill
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 16: The PhraseEnglish 12A – Mrs. Krabill
WHAT IS A PHRASE? A PHRASE is a group of related words that is
used as a single part of speech and that DOES NOT CONTAIN BOTH A SUBJECT AND VERB (that would be a clause)
EXAMPLES: VERB PHRASE: have been talking (no subject) PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: during the winter (no
subject or verb) INFINITIVE PHRASE: to hunt well (no subject or verb)
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES include a
preposition, the object of the preposition, and any modifiers of that object
John bought roses and a box of chocolate because he was going on his first date of the year.
PREPOSITIONS
MORE PREPOSITIONS
Pg. 518
ADJECTIVE PHRASES ADJECTIVE PHRASES are prepositional phrases that
modify a noun or pronoun.
Tells what kind or which one.
One of my friends tweeted that I was ugly.
Almost always FOLLOWS the word it modifies… can be the object of another preposition
I tweeted back that she was more ugly than all of the girls in our class.
ADVERB PHRASESKey Concept:
Adverb phrase: prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.Answers the questions: how, when, where, why, to what extent.
After I go home tonight, I will watch Criminal MindsTells when, modifies “will watch”
My brother, interested in my life, read my diary when I was younger.
Tells how, modifies “interested”
The runner finished too slowly for a Boston entry.Tells how, modifies “slowly”
Practice Makes Perfect! Pages 555-556 Exercises 1-2
ParticiplesA participle is a verb form that can
be used as an adjective. The freezing rain made the road
slippery. (present) The team won an engraved trophy for
first place. (past)
Participial PhraseConsists of a participle and any
modifiers. The entire phrase is used as an ADJECTIVE! Smiling proudly, the coach accepted the
trophy for his team. Searching frantically, governments look
through their security footage for the lost plane.
The Artist, known formerly as Prince, is still popular.
The fans, knowing his music, still buy tickets to his concerts.
Practice!! PRACTICE!! Exercise 3 odds…. (evens,
too, if you are having troubles!)
Review B – Participial vs. Prepositional
Absolute Phrase Absolute phrase consists of the following:
Participle or participial phrase A noun or pronoun that the participle or participial
phrase modifies Any other modifiers of that noun or pronoun
The ENTIRE phrase is used as an adverb to modify a WHOLE clause in a sentence.
No grammatical connection to any word in the clause it modifies
Answers when, why, or how.
Their iPads having been restricted, the students could no longer play Clash of Clans. (answers why)
More examples… We walked along the shore, the water
splashing at our feet. (answers how)
Speaking of beaches, don’t you wish it was summer?
Their reputation as winners secured by another victory, the New England Patriots remain at the top of their division.
PRACTICE: Review B
GerundsA gerund is a verb form ending in –ing
that functions as a noun.
Running a marathon requires significant training. (subject)
Please stop talking. (direct object) The team gave pitching their full attention. (indirect
object) What I miss about home the most is stopping at
Starbucks for a coffee. (predicate nominative) How well you do on the test is dependent on the
amount of studying that happens. (object of preposition)
Gerund PhrasesConsists of a gerund and its modifiersWill ALWAYS begin with an –ing word
Remembering to move the Elf on the Shelf is difficult for busy parents. (subject)
The highlight of my weekend was shopping in Traverse City. (predicate nominative)
I got a ticket for going too fast because I was excited. (object of preposition)
Appositives KEY CONCEPT: An appositive is a noun or
pronoun placed beside another noun or pronoun to identify or describe it.
Examples: My friend Melanie works in a jail. You can see her by breaking and
entering, a felony.
Appositives (con’t) Appositives can be used at the
beginning of a sentence for emphasis.
Example: Sometimes linked with Easter, spring
break is always a needed break for students and teachers alike.
Appositive phrases KEY CONCEPT: An appositive phrase
consists of an appositive and its modifiers.
Examples: I would like a new car, a black Ford
Mustang, for my birthday. I will be rooting for the Seahawks, this
year’s NFC champions, in the Super Bowl.
PRACTICE Page 568 – Exercise 6 – ODDS ONLY
Infinitives Key Concept: A verb form that can be used as a
noun, adjective, or adverb Noun: Person, place, thing, or idea Adjective: Modifies a noun or pronoun Adverb: Modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb
MOST infinitives begin with “to” To go, to leave, to stay, to win
To begin is sometimes the hardest part of anything.
Infinitive phrases Key Concept: Consists of an infinitive
and any modifiers or complements
Students have time to go to the restroom between classes.
To go to the concert is Kelly’s dream. Mrs. Krabill wants students to lead
class discussion.
Practice! Page 566, Exercise 5 – ODDS only!
Homework– Review D, ALL questions.