chapter 17 capital and labor in the age of enterprise (1877- 1900)
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 17Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877-
1900)
![Page 2: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Although the economic growth of the United States between 1860 and 1900 has been attributed to a governmental policy of laissez-faire, it was in fact encouraged and sustained by direct governmental intervention. Assess the validity of this statement.
How and why did transportation developments spark economic growth during the period from 1860 to 1900 in the United States?
![Page 3: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What factors led to the economic success of
industrial capitalism after 1877?
Chapter 18 Due Monday Night Short quiz Tuesday day in class! You’re Welcome ;-)
![Page 4: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Industrial Capitalism Triumphant
The Great Deflation – Late 19th century (1800’s) as a result of increasing manufacturing efficiencies not economic stagnation
I.
![Page 5: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Growth of the Industrial Base Early manufacturing growth of
agricultural economy - replaced articles made at home
Demand for capital goods (goods themselves that add to the nations productive capacity) like railroad equipment, machinery etc.
I.A.
![Page 6: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Growth of the Industrial Base
“Steel Age” – Bessemer process adapted by Andrew Carnegie led to revolution in steel making
Ore comes from Great Lakes, coal from Appalachians – to Pittsburg, PA
I.A.
![Page 7: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Iron & Steel ProductionI,A.
![Page 8: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Growth of the Industrial Base
steam turbine
I,A.
![Page 9: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Railroad Boom
Free enterprise funds railroad with support by government
I,B.
![Page 10: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Railroad BoomRailroad business
Development came at great cost – 1889 alone, 22,000 died working for RR
I,B.
![Page 11: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Railroad BoomOrganization I,B.
![Page 12: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Mass Markets and Large Scale Enterprise
No “frontier” (borders) to slow shipment/transfer of goods –
I,C.
![Page 13: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Mass Markets and Large Scale Enterprise
Gustavus Swift and Vertical Integration
Meat Packing
I,C.
![Page 14: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Mass Markets and Large Scale Enterprise
Vertical Integration –
I,C.
![Page 15: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Mass Markets and Large Scale Enterprise
How do you convince New Yorker to buy meat packed in Chicago?
I,C.
![Page 17: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Mass Markets and Large Scale Enterprise
Retail Business changes –
I,C.
![Page 18: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The New SouthDevelopmentally behind NorthFew cities, poor transportation, Cotton mills spring up – cheap labor
(mostly families, very few blacks)Tobacco – industrialized – JamesDukeTimber, coal, iron
I,D.
![Page 19: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Economic RetardationCheap Labor kept South from
advancing – Why?1. Labor cheaper than machines2. Attract Labor intensive industries3. Inhibited investment in education4. Fewer workers have money,
spend less
I,D.
![Page 20: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Few Immigrants went South – South remained a tributary economy of North – likewise immigrant labor will close door of opportunity to blacks
I,A.
![Page 21: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The World of Work
Few Immigrants went South – South remained a tributary economy
II.
![Page 22: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Labor RecruitsSociety of Motion
–Migration and ImmigrationNative born Americans find
White Collar jobs while Immigrants provide cheap labor
II.A.
![Page 23: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Labor Recruits – Immigrant LaborGreat Migration starts 1840Commercialization of European
agriculture Irish Potato FamineEthnicity often determines
occupation Industrialization increases need for
unskilled labor – sources shift
II.
![Page 26: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Labor Recruits – Immigrant LaborNew from South and East Europe Italian, Slavic, Polish etc.Ethnic “clustering”Steamships make voyage cheaperMany never planned to stay – often
did not
II.
![Page 27: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Labor Recruits - WomenMostly single and youngDomestic work, textiles or white
collarSex typingPaid less than menChildren contributed to incomeAfter 1890 - % of married women
in labor forces creeps upward
II.A.
![Page 28: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Labor Recruits – Autonomous Labor
Paid for production – not hourlyUsually skilled –better sense of
pride and history “brotherhood”
II.B
![Page 29: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Labor Recruits – Systems of Control
Many jobs lost dignity of skilled labor
As tools become dedicated machines (do only one job), they need less skill to operate
–Cheaper and quicker
II.C
![Page 30: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Labor Recruits – Systems of ControlFrederick Winslow Taylor –
Scientific ManagementTake thought process out of
manual laborSubject each task to a time and
motion study – limited success
–A new era had begun
II.C
![Page 31: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
How did workers respond to the changing working conditions of Industrialization?
![Page 32: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The Labor Movement
Reformers and UnionistsKnights of Labor – fraternal
organization created to “emancipate” labor and create a cooperative common wealth. Open to almost all (even women and blacks)…Idealistic and political
–Terrence Powderly
III.A
![Page 33: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Labor Movement
Reformers and UnionistsTrade Unionism – Defended craft,
apprenticed workers – closed shopsFirst Local, then nationalMany belonged to both trade union
and Knights – no conflict yet!
III.A
![Page 34: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The Labor Movement
Pure and Simple UnionismKnights become more political
(boycotts etc.)Samuel Gompers (Cigar maker)Wanted to focus on identifiable
and achievable goals Organize by craft –
battleground is the workplace, not national politics
III.B
![Page 35: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The Labor Movement
Gompers – right does not equal victory, only power does
8 Hour workday – by May 1, 1886
Strike in Chicago (Haymarket Square) leads to riot, violence, death
Blamed on Anarchism
III.B
![Page 36: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The Labor Movement
Economic circumstances made society ripe for radicalism–Anarchists
–Socialists
III.B
![Page 37: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The Labor Movement
Seizing on hysteria of Haymarket Riot – employers crack down on Unions
Yellow-Dog ContractsBlacklists
III.B
![Page 38: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The Labor Movement
American Federation of Labor – (AF of L) – Gompers President
Simply wanted bigger share of economic pie through collective bargaining
III.B
![Page 39: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
What do Mr. Robson, Justin Beiber, Tom Brady and Matthew
Morrison have in common?
![Page 40: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
The Labor Movement
Industrial WarThe Homestead Strike – (Carnegie
Steel)Henry Clay Frick – cuts wages,
disbands Union. Scabs brought in. Pinkerton Guards (Bully Boys) brought in, violence ensues.
***State Militia comes to aid of management***
III.D
![Page 42: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The Labor MovementIndustrial War
The Great Pullman Boycott- Panic of 1893 (1st great
financial crisis on new industrial age) Pullman cuts pay, maintains rent
Eugene V. Debs – American Railway Union – coordinated secondary boycott –Brings trains to a halt
III.D
![Page 45: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
1. What enabled American cities to grow so dramatically during the 1800’s?
2. How did Industrialization affect Urbanization?
3. How did class structure, ethnicity and gender affect urban political affairs?
4. Describe the emergence of an urban culture with distinctive living and working patters, civic and religious institutions, family life and leisure pursuits.
![Page 46: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Pullman CarsPullman Cars
A Pullman A Pullman porterporter
![Page 47: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
The Labor Movement
Industrial WarFederal Government Intervenes –
Leaders, including Debs jailed, strike dies.
Once again, Government intervention!
Laissez-Faire?
III.D
![Page 48: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
President Grover Cleveland
President Grover ClevelandIf it takes the If it takes the
entire army and entire army and navy to navy to
deliver a postal deliver a postal card in Chicago, card in Chicago,
that card that card will be delivered!will be delivered!
![Page 50: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
The Labor Movement
Radicalism In Prison, Debs becomes
more socialistSpreads movement to native
born Americans
III.D
![Page 51: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
The Labor Movement
Western RadicalismWestern Federation of Miners –
Consolidation and deflation bring about change – management wants to destroy Union
III.D
![Page 52: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
The Labor Movement
Western RadicalismViolence –
–Coeur d’Alene 1892 and 1899
–Cripple Creek 1894
–Leadville 1896Colorado elections 1905
III.D
![Page 53: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
The Labor Movement
Western Radicalism International Workers of the
World (Wobblies)
–Goal was to bring about a worldwide socialist revolution
III.D
![Page 54: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
“Big Bill” Haywood of
theIWW
“Big Bill” Haywood of
theIWWViolence was justified to overthrow capitalism.
![Page 55: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
2 views of Capitalism
Haratio Alger – Myth or Fact?
![Page 57: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Workers Benefits Today
Workers Benefits Today
![Page 58: Chapter 17 Capital and Labor In The Age of Enterprise (1877- 1900)](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649e1f5503460f94b0adce/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Right-to-Work States Today
Right-to-Work States Today