chapter 17 groundwater. figure 17.2 variations in the water table water tends to mimic the land...
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Chapter 17 Groundwater
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Figure 17.2
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Variations in the Water Table
Water tends to mimic the land surface
Variations in rainfall & permeability
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Gainingand
Losing StreamsFigure 17.4
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Groundwater Storage
Porosity% of pore spacesFluid Storage
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Table 17.2
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Groundwater Movement
Permeabilityability to transmit a fluid
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Aquifer
Yields significant quantities of water
High porosity & permeability
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Aquifers
Confined/Closed
Unconfined/Open
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Long Island Aquifers
Upper Glacial
Magothy
Lloyd
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Aquiclude
Inhibits movement of groundwater Impermeable
Clay or Solid Bedrock
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Groundwater Movement
Darcy’s Law
Q=K(dh/dl)A
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Darcy’s Law
Q=Discharge
K=Hydraulic Conductivity
dh=Change in water table elevation
dl=Distance over which change occurs
A=Area in question
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Spring Resulting from a Perched Water Table
Figure 17.8
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Figure 17.13
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Artesian Well
Figure 17.15
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Artesian Pressure System
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Excess Groundwater Withdrawal
Subsidence – land surface sinks
• California
• Venice
• Texas
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Excess Groundwater Withdrawal
Saltwater Contamination• Excess groundwater withdrawal
• Saltwater is drawn into wells
• Coastal areas
• Ghyben-Herzberg Equation
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Ghyben-Herzberg Equation
Total thickness of freshwater lens = x + 40x
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Saltwater Contamination
Figure 17.19
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Groundwater Contamination
Sewage
• Extremely permeable aquifers (gravel)
• Travels long distances without being filtered
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Groundwater & Erosion
Caves
Caverns
Sinkholes
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End of Chapter 17