Chapter 17 Reconstruction and the New South (1865-1896)

Section 1 Reconstruction Plans

Chapter Time Line

Chapter Time Line

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

If you were President Lincoln, how would you have treated the South after it lost the Civil War?

A. I would have punished the South severely.

B. I would have forgiven the states and allowed them to rejoin the Union immediately.

C. I would have allowed the southern states to rejoin the Union as soon as they denounced slavery.

D. I would have allowed the states to rejoin the Union but not given them representation in government fora certain amount of time.

A B C D

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Essential

Question

How did plans to unify the nation differ after the Civil War?

Reconstruction Debate• The Union was saved• Now the challenge was

reuniting and rebuilding the country

• The Southern states needed to be readmitted

• The Southern economy and society also needed to be rebuilt

• Americans disagreed on how this should happen

• The period of rebuilding is called ReconstructionReconstruction

• Also refers to the various plans for readmitting the Southern states to the Union

Lincoln’s Plan• December 1863, during

the Civil War• Lincoln introduced the

Ten Percent PlanTen Percent Plan• When 10% of the

voters of a state took an oath of loyalty to the Union, the state could form a new government

• And adopt a new constitution that banned slavery

• Lincoln believed that punishing the South would serve no purpose and would only delay healing the torn nation

Lincoln’s Plan Continued• Lincoln offered amnestyamnesty

(a pardon)• To all white Southerners

who were willing to swear loyalty to the Union

• Except Confederate leaders

• 1864- 3 states under Union occupation (Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee) set up governments under the plan

• But the Congress refused to seat the states’ representatives

The Radicals’ Plan• Some Republicans saw

Lincoln’s plan too forgiving• They favored a more radicalradical

approach and were called the Radical RepublicansRadical Republicans

• Radical Republican Thaddeus Stevens said that Southern institutions “must be broken up and relaid, or all our blood and treasure have been spent in vain”

• Congress was controlled by the Radical Republicans and voted to deny seats to representatives from any state that was readmitted under Lincoln’s plan

Wade-Davis BillWade-Davis Bill• July 1864- Congress passed

the Wade-Davis Bill• To rejoin the Union, a state

had to meet several requirements

• 1. A majority of the state’s white males had to swear loyalty to the Union

• 2. Only white males who swore they had not fought against the Union could vote for delegates to a state constitutional convention

• 3. New state constitutions had to ban slavery

• The bill would also ban former Confederates from holding public office

Lincoln’s Response• Lincoln refused to

sign the Wade-Davis Bill

• But he wanted state governments to form quickly

• Lincoln wanted order restored in the South as soon as possible

• Lincoln would have to compromise with the Radical Republicans

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D A B

C

D

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Which of the following was a provision of the Wade-Thomas Bill?

A. African American males in a state had to swear loyalty to the Union.

B. Former Confederates could not hold public office.

C. Confederate states could be admitted to the Union even if they kept slavery.

D. Half of all delegates to a constitutional conventionhad to be formerly enslaved people.

The Freedmen’s Bureau• March 1865- Lincoln and

Congress set up the Freedmen’s BureauFreedmen’s Bureau

• The bureau helped African Americans adjustadjust to freedom

• It provided food, clothing, and medical services

• Also helped freed people acquire land or find work for fair wages

• Also set up schools and gave aid to new African American institutions of higher learning

• Including Atlanta University, Howard University, and Fisk University

April 14th, 1865• President Lincoln

attended a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C.

• John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth entered the private box and shot Lincoln in the head

• Lincoln died hours later• Vice President Andrew Andrew

JohnsonJohnson became president

• John soon revealed his plan for Reconstruction (Called- Restoration)

Restoration• Johnson’s plan would grant

amnesty to most Southerners once they swore loyalty to the Union

• High-ranking Confederates could be pardoned only by appealing to the president

• This showed that Johnson wanted to humiliate the leaders who he believed had tricked the South’s people into seceding

• John said only loyal, pardoned whites could vote for delegates to the state constitutional conventions

• John stated “white men alone must manage the South

• Johnson opposed equal rights for African Americans

Restoration Continued• States had to

denounce secession and ban slavery before reentering the Union

• States also had to ratify the 13th amendment (Abolished slavery in the US)

• By the end of 1865 all former confederate states had new governments and were ready to rejoin the Union

• Except Texas

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D A B

C

D

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What did the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish?

A. It welcomed former Confederate states back into the Union.

B. It made secession illegal.

C. It pardoned Confederate leaders.

D. It abolished slavery throughout the Union.

Essential

Question

How did plans to unify the nation differ after the Civil War?

-Lincoln wanted to avoid punishing to promote healing, so he offered amnesty to all white Southerners except Confederate leaders

-Radical Republicans favored harsher measures that would break up and rebuild the South’s institutions and ban former Confederates from holding office

-Johnson wanted to pardon most Southerners but humiliate Confederate leaders

Chapter 17 Section 1 Quiz

The period after the Civil War is know as Rebuilding.

Tru

e

Fal

se

50%50%A. True

B. False

The Ten Percent Plan required 10 percent of the voters of a state to take an oath of

loyalty to the Confederacy.

Tru

e

Fal

se

50%50%A. True

B. False

In 1864 the Union army occupied Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee.

Tru

e

Fal

se

50%50%A. True

B. False

The Wade-Davis Bill countered the Ten Percent Plan.

Tru

e

Fal

se

50%50%A. True

B. False

Lincoln was assassinated while attending a play.

Tru

e

Fal

se

50%50%A. True

B. False

The period of rebuilding the South after the Civil War was called

am

nest

y.

war

spoils

.

Rec

onstru

ctio

n.

Civ

il W

ar R

ebui

ldin

g.

25% 25%25%25%A. amnesty.

B. war spoils.

C. Reconstruction.

D. Civil War Rebuilding.

What is the name of the decree that required a majority of the white males in a state to

swear loyalty to the Union?

Ten

Per

cent P

lan

Wad

e-Dav

is B

ill

Rec

onstru

ctio

n Bill

Fre

edm

en&#0

39;s

B...

25% 25%25%25%A. Ten Percent Plan

B. Wade-Davis Bill

C. Reconstruction Bill

D. Freedmen's Bureau

African Americans were helped to make the transition to freedom by the

Wad

e-Dav

is P

lan.

Ten

Per

cent P

lan.

Rec

onstru

ctio

n Act

.

Fre

edm

en&#0

39;s

B...

25% 25%25%25%A. Wade-Davis Plan.

B. Ten Percent Plan.

C. Reconstruction Act.

D. Freedmen's Bureau.

President Abraham Lincoln was shot at

the

White

House

.

Ford

&#039

;s T

heate

r.

Sam

uel M

udd&#0

39..

Will

iam

Pet

erse

n&#0

...

25% 25%25%25%A. the White House.

B. Ford's Theater.

C. Samuel Mudd's house.

D. William Petersen's house.

The person who was president after Lincoln was

Andre

w Johnso

n.

Dan

iel W

ebst

er.

John C

. Cal

houn.

Andre

w Jac

kson.

25% 25%25%25%A. Andrew Johnson.

B. Daniel Webster.

C. John C. Calhoun.

D. Andrew Jackson.

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