Chapter 17Chapter 17

The Road to WarThe Road to War

1. What foreign policy did the US follow after World War I?

• Isolationism- a withdrawal from foreign affairs during the 20’s and 30’s

• The U.S. Government did not want to get involved in another World War.

• Did NOT join the League of Nations, Permanent Court of International Justice, or World Court

2. What were the major postwar peace initiatives?

• Disarmament- reduce the size of a country’s military

• Washington Conference: organized by Charles Evans Hughes

• He proposed the 5 Power Naval Treaty• Ordered countries to retire some of their

warships to equal out naval strength.

3. How did war debts and reparations affect European nations after World War I?

• The Allies owed the U.S. over $10 billion.• Britain, France, and Italy wanted their

debts canceled• Germany owed $32 billion• Dawes Plan: gave Germany more time to

pay reparations, also provided more loans

4. What role did the U.S. play in Nicaraguan politics?

• 1926, Marines were sent to protect American interests

• Henry Stimson negotiated a peace treaty to end Nicaragua’s civil war

• 1933, Hoover withdrew all troops because of the high costs

5. How did U.S. relations with Latin America change in the 1930s?

• Coolidge, Hoover, and Roosevelt all tried to improve Latin America relations

• FDR and the “Good Neighbor Policy”• The U.S. invested in banana, coffee, and

sugar plantations. “United Food Company”• Mexico nationalized their oil fields, this

strained relations with the U.S. and Britain

6. How did the Great Depression affect Latin American countries?

• Crop prices went down (bananas, coffee)• It created a huge gap between rich and poor• Caudillos- military leaders who used force to

maintain order

The Rise of Militarism

Chapter 17 – Section 3

Page 512

What you need to know…

1) How did Mussolini create a fascist state in Italy?

2) Explain Stalin’s power in the Soviet Union.

3) Explain Hitler’s rise to power in Germany.

4) Causes of the Spanish Civil War.

5) Actions of Japan’s military during the 1930’s.

The publishers of a new children’s

encyclopaedia have asked young people to define what the term ‘democracy’ means today. With

your partner discuss a short definition of

this word.

Write your answer on Page 3 in packet.

Education and the media(newspapers, radio, film etc) are strictly controlled

by the Government

One person - the ‘Dictator’ -

holds all of the power in the country

So no elections are heldbecause the Dictator does

not allow people to choose who they want to

run their country

Anyone who is considered to be an enemy of the Dictator

and his political party would be persecuted

Only one political party is allowed to exist - the

Dictator is the leader of this party, and the party helps

him to run the country

Dictators rely upon a large, strong and loyal army to help them to maintain their power

What is a Dictatorship

????

What is the difference between a democracy and a dictatorship?

#1 - Benito Mussolini - ITALY

Fascist Party – 1921•Military dominated government

•Blackshirts

•Italian king appointed Mussolini prime minister and granted him dictatorial powers!!

#1 – Why did Italy become a fascist state?

• High unemployment• Fascists beat Communists• Widespread opposition to Socialists and

Communists

Play

Video 2:26 minutes

#2 – Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union

• After Lenin’s death in 1924 –

Stalin emerged as the nation’s leader.• Created a TOTALITARIAN STATE

• Government controls COMPLETELY

• Sent 15 Million to later camps by 1933• Stalin felt he could loose control, so he purged all

perceived enemies from Communist Party and the Red Army.

• Approx. 30 Million died as a result of policies.

#3 – Adolf Hitler – GERMANY

•Mein Kampf

(My Struggle) won supporters

•Electoral success by Nazi Party led to Hitler becoming chancelor in 1933.

•Third Reich (Third Empire)

- - Nazi government

PlayVideo(9:09 Min)

#4 Francisco Franco - SPAIN

• Causes of Civil War• A constitution was created that limited military

power and reformed universal suffrage,

nationalized public utilities and gave land to peasants.

• Military men were threatened by this and Franco led them.• Franco fascists tried to overthrow the government.

Germans and Italians helped Franco take over• Soviet Union allied with loyalists

• Popular Front – Americans and others against fascism

#5 – Japan’s Military1920’s – Military grew and did not want to rely on foreign imports, wanted to reduce western influence and expand in Eastern Asia and the Pacific.

1931 – Invaded Manchuria

1934/1935 – Began a naval build-up

1937 – Went to war with China and occupied northern China.

Hideki TojoJapanese

Prime Minister

NAME THAT FAVORITE DICTATOR...

Write down:

a) The name of the Dictator.

b) The name of the country that the Dictator is from.

- For the following slides (after Charlie Chaplin!).

Mao

11

Stalin22

Hitler

33

Hussein44

Castro

55

Lenin66

Mussolini77

Chapter 17 – Section 4

Page 518

What you need to know…

1. Response to Fascism

2. Early events of WWII

3. Why tensions between U.S. and

Germany increased

4. Reasons Japan bombed Pearl Harbor

29

It was the Allies vs. the Axis Powers…

Allies Axis

Great Britain

France(note: France surrendered to

Germany in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting)

United States

Russia

GermanyItaly

Japan

(major powers)

(major powers)

Choose one of the following pictures and write a caption for it on Page 4 in your packet.

#1

The Response

To FascismEuropean leaders adopt a policy of

appeasement

Soviets and U.S. mend fences

U.S. Congress passes neutrality

laws.

European nations speed up

rearmament

Appeasement – giving in to demands in order to avoid conflict

#2 – Events of WWII –Pg. 5 Pkt.

1939 1941

•1939-1945

•US involvement 1941-1945

1940

Sept.1 - Germany invades Poland (official start to the war)

Sept. 3 -Britain &

France declare war on

Germany

Dec. 7 – Japan bombs Pearl

Harbor; US

enters the War

Aug. 23 –Nonaggression Pact signed

May –Germany carried

on Blitzkrieg against

France & other

European nations

Germany created Vichy

govm’t in France

Roosevelt aided Britain

with war materials

August –Hitler

bombed Britain

Non-Aggression Pact – Surprising!!! Hitler and Stalin were seen as natural

enemies.

When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany, many thought that he meant Russia.

Hitler also hated Communism (Russia’s government)

HitlerStalin

#3 - U.S. vs. Germany

• Increase in U.S. aid

to the Allies• German submarine

attacks• Roosevelt’s “shoot-on-

sight” order

35

So What Was Hitler Asking For?•Return of German Speaking Lands - “Lebensraum”

•Austria - Peacefully Annexed in 1938

German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939

36

So What Was Hitler Asking For?

•Sudentenland - (now part of Czech Republic)

•Munich Conference - Great Britain & France give to Hitler in return for peace

•Hitler then invades the rest of Czechoslovakia

German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939

37

So What Was Hitler Asking For?

•Nonaggression Pact Russia stays out of the war in return for 1/2 of Poland

Hitler's triumphal entry into Danzig, Poland 1939

•Great Britain & France finally declare war on Germany

38

How Did Hitler Make War?•Blitzkrieg “Lightning War”

1939

Hitler invades:

•Denmark

•Norway

• The Netherlands,

•France

Hitler in Paris

39

US Assistance•Roosevelt provided aid to the Allies:

Lend-Lease - 1941

•US “lent” war materials to cash-strapped Great Britain

London Firefighter Tackles an Air Raid Blaze

Atlantic Charter

•US secretly meets with England to commit to defeating Germany

#4 – Reason Japan bombed U.S.• Japan continuing expansion in China• Japanese assets in U.S. frozen & an embargo on Japan

Meanwhile … in the Pacific …

Pearl Harbor: “a date which will live in infamy”

USS Arizona Sinking in Pearl Harbor

What?•Surprise attack by the Japanese on American forces in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Effect? •US declares war on

Japan & other Axis powers

Chapter 17 – Section 4Page 518

What you need to know…

1. Response to Fascism

2. Early events of WWII

3. Why tensions between U.S. and

Germany increased

4. Reasons Japan bombed Pearl Harbor

43

It was the Allies vs. the Axis Powers…

Allies Axis

Great Britain

France(note: France surrendered to

Germany in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting)

United States

Russia

GermanyItaly

Japan

(major powers)

(major powers)

Choose one of the following pictures and write a caption for it on Page 4 in your packet.

#1

The Response

To FascismEuropean leaders adopt a policy of

appeasement

Soviets and U.S. mend fences

U.S. Congress passes neutrality

laws.

European nations speed up

rearmament

Appeasement – giving in to demands in order to avoid conflict

#2 – Events of WWII –Pg. 5 Pkt.

1939 1941

•1939-1945

•US involvement 1941-1945

1940

Sept.1 - Germany invades Poland (official start to the war)

Sept. 3 -Britain &

France declare war on

Germany

Dec. 7 – Japan bombs Pearl

Harbor; US

enters the War

Aug. 23 –Nonaggression Pact signed

May –Germany carried

on Blitzkrieg against

France & other

European nations

Germany created Vichy

govm’t in France

Roosevelt aided Britain

with war materials

August –Hitler

bombed Britain

Non-Aggression Pact – Surprising!!! Hitler and Stalin were seen as natural

enemies.

When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany, many thought that he meant Russia.

Hitler also hated Communism (Russia’s government)

HitlerStalin

#3 - U.S. vs. Germany Increase in U.S.

aid to the Allies

German submarine attacks

Roosevelt’s “shoot-on-sight” order

49

So What Was Hitler Asking For?

Return of German Speaking Lands - “Lebensraum”

•Austria - Peacefully Annexed in 1938

German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939

50

So What Was Hitler Asking For?

•Sudentenland - (now part of Czech Republic)

•Munich Conference - Great Britain & France give to Hitler in return for peace

•Hitler then invades the rest of Czechoslovakia

German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939

51

So What Was Hitler Asking For?

•Nonaggression Pact Russia stays out of the war in return for 1/2 of Poland

Hitler's triumphal entry into Danzig, Poland 1939

•Great Britain & France finally declare war on Germany

52

How Did Hitler Make War?

1939

Hitler invades:

•Denmark

•Norway

• The Netherlands,

•France

Hitler in Paris

Blitzkrieg “Lightning War”

53

US AssistanceRoosevelt provided aid to the Allies:

Lend-Lease - 1941

•US “lent” war materials to cash-strapped Great Britain

London Firefighter Tackles an Air Raid Blaze

Atlantic Charter

•US secretly meets with England to commit to defeating Germany

#4 – Reason Japan bombed U.S. Japan continuing expansion in China Japanese assets in U.S. frozen & an embargo on Japan

Meanwhile … in the Pacific …

Pearl Harbor: “a date which will live in infamy”

USS Arizona Sinking in Pearl Harbor

What?•Surprise attack by the Japanese on American forces in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Effect? •US declares war on

Japan & other Axis powers