chapter 18 industry & urban growth
DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER 18 INDUSTRY & URBAN GROWTH. CHAPTER 18 I CAN STATEMENT I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW INDUSTRIALIZATION INCREASED THE SPEED OF CHANGE IN THE UNITED STATES. Bullet points p. 637. Read pgs. 608-613. Section1 A New Industrial Revolution. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 18INDUSTRY & URBAN GROWTH
CHAPTER 18 I CAN STATEMENT
I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW INDUSTRIALIZATION INCREASED THE SPEED OF CHANGE IN THE
UNITED STATES
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Bullet points p. 637 Read pgs. 608-613
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Section1A New Industrial Revolution
I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW CONDITIONS IN THE U.S. SPURRED THE GROWTH OF INDUSTRY
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ASSIGNMENT
•Do Time Line of inventions From 1851 – 1913. Due Thursday. At least 15 items.
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TIME LINE EXAMPLE
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NEW INVENTIONS & DISCOVERIES• Bessemer Process – Steel – 1851• Oil in Pennsylvania – 1859• Sholes’ typewriter - 1868• Transcontinental RR – 1869• Bell’s telephone - 1876• Edison’s phonograph – 1877• Edison light bulb – 1879• Edison power plant – 1882• Matzeliger’s shoe making machine – 1883• 1st practical auto – Benz – 1885 - Germany• Eastman’s camera – 1888• 1st U.S. production car – Duryea – 1893• 1st motion picture camera – Louis Lumiere – France - 1895• 1st powered flight – Wright brothers – 1903• Assembly line perfected – Henry Ford 1913
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Bessemer Process - 1851
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Oil in Pennsylvania - 1859
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Sholes’ typewriter - 1868
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Transcontinental RR – 1869
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Bell’s telephone - 1876
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Edison’s phonograph – 1877
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Edison light bulb – 1879
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Edison power plant – 1882
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Matzeliger’s shoe making machine – 1883
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1st practical auto – Benz – 1885 - Germany
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Eastman’s camera – 1888
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1st U.S. production car – Duryea – 1893
Charles – born Canton, IL 1861
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Louis Lumiere – Movie CameraFrance - 1895
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1st powered flight – Wright brothers – 1903
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Assembly line perfected – Henry Ford 1913
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Bullet points p. 637 Read pgs. 625- 629
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Ch 18 Sec 4The New Immigrants
• I can understand how the experience of immigrants was both positive and negative
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Statistics
• Between 1865 and 1915 – 25 million immigrants to U.S.
• This is more than the U.S. population in 1850
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Reasons
• LANDAmount of European
farmland shrinking while populations grew
• RELIGIOUS FREEDOMJews from RussiaChristians from Turkey
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Reasons
• POLITICAL UNREST1910 Mexican
Revolution• JOBS
U.S. companies recruited from overseas
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Reasons
• FREEDOMDrew people
who wanted democracy and liberty
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Immigrant Divisions
Early 1800’s• Most from
Northern and Western Europe
• Most Protestant• Spoke English• Knew some
democracy
Late 1800’s• From Southern or
Eastern Europe• Most Catholic or
Jewish• Few spoke English• Little knowledge
of democracy
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A New Life
• Difficult decision to leave
• Miserable trip• Most took trip in
steerage – large compartments that usually held cattle
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Difficult Trip
• Crowded conditions
• Little ventilation• Sea sick• Easy to catch
diseases
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Ellis Island
• Arrivals from Europe through Ellis Island
• Physical examinations
• Disabled or sick sent back
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Who Came 1865 - 1915
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Where Did They Go• 2/3 stayed in cities
Mulberry St.Little Italy
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ASSIMILATION
• Immigration Societies helped• Older people clung with traditions• Younger people adapted easily• Education
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EDUCATION
“The essence of American opportunity, the treasure that no thief can touch . . . Surer, safer than bread or
butter.”
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Naturalization
• 5 year wait (unless joined military – then 1 year)
• Speak English• Give up previous citizenship• Law abiding
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Naturalization
• 2 witnesses• Not a polygamist• Not an anarchist• Minor children citizens when
parents are
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Contributions
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Contributions
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Contributions
NEW FOODS• Spaghetti• Chow Mein• Bagels
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Famous Immigrants
• Alexander Graham Bell – Scotland• Samuel Goldwyn – Poland• Louis Mayer – Ukraine• Arturo Toscanini – Italy• Leo Baekeland - Belgium
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Nativism
• The policy of protecting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants.
• Political thought against immigrants
BECAUSE
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Nativism1. Different languages2. “ religions3. “ customs4. Immigrants are violent5. “ are criminals6. “ are anarchists
WHAT DOES THIS SOUND LIKE?
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Response1. Chinese Exclusion
Act – 18822. Immigrants
required to read and write – 1917
3. Violence against immigrants
4. Discrimination
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Bullet Points p. 637 Read pgs. 614-619
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Ch 18 Sec 2Big Business & Organized Labor
I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW BIG BUSINESS CHANGED
THE WORKPLACE AND GAVE RISE TO
ORGANIZED LABOR
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Ch 18 Sec 2
• Business were no longer small shops producing goods
• Now business was factories, employing many and producing goods
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How did they do it?
• Corporations – Businesses owned by many people, investors.
EXAMPLE
THE MADDOX WIDGET FACTORY
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BANKING
• Banks loaned money to corporations
• Corporations paid it back with interest
What is interest?
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Growth of Big Business
• MonopoliesBusinesses that controlled all of the business
• Example – The Maddox Widget business owns the factory, the supplies to make the widgets, the shipping of the widgets and the sale of the widgets.
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ExamplesAndrew Carnegie
• Started in RR’s• Gained control of
steel making industry
• Made more steel than all steel mills in England
• WHAT DID HE OWN?
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EXAMPLESJOHN D. ROCKEFELLER
• Age 23, invested in an oil refinery
• Profits bought other oil companies
• Created many corporations controlled by one board of directors
• This is called a trust• Standard Oil Co.
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EXAMPLES
•Meatpacking•Sugar refining•Copper wire
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Trusts and MonopoliesThe Debate
GOOD• Builds the economy• Creates jobs• Keeps prices low• Consumers can afford products
BAD• Threat to free enterprise• Unfairly eliminates competition• Corrupts politicians
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SOCIAL DARWINISM
• DARWINISM – Only the strongest and best survive – Survival of the fittest
• SOCIAL DARWINISM – Only the strongest and fittest companies survive
HOW DOES THIS AFFECT WORKERS?
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The Workplace
• Before the war, business owners knew their employees
• In big factories, a worker was just a number
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WORKERS
Women and Children• Textile (clothes and garments)
industry• Tobacco factories• Bottle factories• Mines
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Dangerous Conditions
• Breathing dust from factories and mines
• Molten metal burned and killed steel workers• NO WORKERS COMPENSATION
• Social Darwinism says survival of the fittest keep prices down
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Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
• March 25, 1911, Fire• Exit doors locked to prevent
sneaking off the job• Firetruck ladders too short• 150 dead – mostly women
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Workers Organize
• Attempts to organize Unions often failed
• Companies hired security guards to attack union organizers
• Some state law prohibited strikes
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Knights of Labor
• 1869 – Philadelphia – Small secret Union
• 1879 – New leader does not use strikes – uses public rallies
• Admits women, African Americans, immigrants, unskilled laborers
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Haymarket Square• May 4, 1886 – Bomb explosion at a
rally• 1 police officer dead• Police fire on Union members but kill
7 other police officers, wound 60 cops and unknown number of civilians
• Knights of Labor lose influence
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AFL
• 1886 – Samuel Gompers organizes the American Federation of Labor
• Skilled workers only – No African Americans or immigrants
WHY SKILLED WORKERS ONLY?• SKILLED WORKERS ARE HARD TO
REPLACE
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Collective Bargaining
• Union negotiates with management
• Strikes only as a last resort
• By 1904, 1 million members
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Depression
• 1893 – Depression- Production cut- Workers fired- Wages cut
• Pullman workers had pay cut 25% but still charged the same for housing
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Pullman
• Workers go on strike
• RR’s crippled• President
Cleveland sends troops to force workers back to work
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Backlash
• Most Americans see Unions as radical and violent
• Only 3% of Americans in Unions
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Bullet Points p. 6137 Read pgs. 620 - 624
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Ch 18 Sec 3Cities Grow and Change
I CAN UNDERSTAND THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE RAPID GROWTH OF CITIES
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Why it matters
• The new Industrial Revolution changed the way Americans worked and lived
• It also changed where they worked and lived
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Urbanization• 1860 – 1 in five Americans
lived in cities• 1890 – 1 in 3 lived in cities• Cities attracted industry• Industry attracted people• Fastest growing cities
near water
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Growing up and out• New Technology
1. Elevated trains
2. Electric street cars
3. Public
transportation4. Steel bridges5. Skyscrapers
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Living Patterns
• Poor families lived in oldest sections
• Middle class lived farther out, row houses – apartment buildings
• Upper class on edge of city
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Problems• Fire – 1871 – Great
Chicago Fire• Tenement life
Few windows, heat or plumbingGarbage
• ½ of babies died before age 1
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Improvements• Streetlights• Police and Fire Departments• Public Health Departments• Hospital – clinics• Salvation Army
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Settlement Houses• Jane Addams – Hull House – Chicago –
1889• Helping urban poor
1. English lessons2. Nurseries3. Music4. Sports5. Sponsored legislation to outlaw child labor
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EXCITEMENT
• Farm Life – The work is never done
• City Life – Work for the boss then you’re off
HOW DOES THIS FEEL??
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Up every mornin’ just to keep a jobI gotta fight my way through the
hustling mobSounds of the city poundin’ in my
brainWhile another day goes down the
drain
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Tradin’ my time for the pay I getLivin’ on money that I ain’t made
yetI’ve been goin’ tryin’ to make my
wayWhile I live for the end of the day
IF THIS IS YOU, WHAT WOULD YOU WANT?
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Shopping
•Department stores
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Leisure• Museums – Museum of Natural History
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Leisure• Orchestras• Art
Galleries• Theatre• Circuses
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New York’s Central Park
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Sports• Baseball
1st Professional baseball team – 1869 – Cincinnati Red Stockings
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Sports• Basketball – 1891 – James Naismith
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Sports
• Football
44
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Ch 18 Sec 5Education and Culture
I can understand the causes and effects of an expanded educational system
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Assignment
1. Read pages 632 – 6352. Do Ch 18 Sec 5 Key Terms and
People – pg. 6323. Do Ch 18 Sec 5 Graphic
Organizer4. Quiz Tuesday
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Ch 18 Sec 5Education and Culture
• Before 1870, < ½ of children went to school• 1852 – Mass. 1st compulsory education law• Most Northern states required education• Many Southern states did not require
educationWHY??
• An industrialized society needs educated workers
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High School• LOOK AT CHART
ON PAGE 633• Most states
required 10th grade education
• Not until 1950 did over ½ of students graduate
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Writers
• Dime novels – Wild West stories
• Realists – Show life as it is
Jack LondonStephen
Crane
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Mark Twain• Real Name –
Samuel Clemens
Huckleberry FinnTom Sawyer
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Newspapers
• By 1900 ½ of worlds papers were printed in U.S.
• Newspapers linked to Urbanization• Joseph Pulitzer created first modern
newspaper• Cut price of New York World –
WHY??
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Newspapers
• Sensational headlines• Crime – scandal• Pictures• Faked interviews• Full color comics