chapter 18 injuries to the pelvis and lower extremities
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 18
Injuries to the
Pelvis and Lower Extremities
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The Pelvis• Pelvic region
– Supports the vertebral column and constitutes the inferior portion of the trunk
• Primary muscles of the pelvis – Affect movement of thigh at hip joint – Attached to the femur and pelvic bones– Contribute to muscular movement by
creating pressure on muscle surface
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The Pelvis• Injuries to the pelvic region include:
– Fractures– Strains– Contusions
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The Hip and Thigh• Each lower extremity
– Hip, thigh, knee, lower leg, ankle, and foot• The hip is a ball and socket joint
– Held together by connective tissues
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The Hip and Thigh• The femur extends from the hip to the
knee– Provides skeletal structure of the thigh– Held in the socket by ligaments, tendons,
and muscles
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Methods for Assessing Hip Injuries
• General range of motion• ROM test
– Hamstring flexibility– Hip flexor flexibility (Thomas test)– Internal and external rotation of the hip
• Ober’s Test• Patrick’s or Faber Test
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Methods for Assessing Hip Injuries
• Strength tests– Abduction – Adduction – Extension – Flexion– Internal rotation– External rotation – Trendelenburg test
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Injuries to the Hip and Thigh
• Fractures• Dislocations and subluxations• Contusions• Sprains• Strains• Bursitis and synovitis
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The Knee• Knee joint
– Naturally unstable – One of the most complicated joints in the
body– One of the most commonly injured joints in
the body
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Methods for Assessing Knee Injuries
• ROM test – Knee extension– Knee flexion
• Extension strength test for the knee• Flexion strength test for the knee
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Injuries to the Knee and Lower Leg
• Fractures– Dislocations and subluxations
– Apprehension test for the patella
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Injuries to the Knee and Lower Leg
• Strains– Tendon ruptures– Patellar tendon rupture test– Meniscus tears– McMurray test– Apley compression test– Tendonitis– Contusions
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Injuries to the Knee and Lower Leg
• Sprains– Valgus stress test for the knee– Varus stress test for the knee
– Anterior drawer test for the knee– Posterior drawer test for the knee– Lachman test– Pivot shift test
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Injuries to the Knee and Lower Leg
• Bursitis• Osgood-Schlatter Disease• Chondromalacia patellae (CMP)• Patella grind test• Shin splints• Anterior compartment syndrome
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The Ankle
• Tarsus– Composed of seven tarsal bones and joins
the lower leg to the foot
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Assessing Ankle and Foot Injuries
• ROM test– Ankle inversion– Ankle eversion– Plantar flexion of the ankle– Dorsiflexion of the ankle
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Assessing Ankle and Foot Injuries
• Inversion strength test for the ankle• Eversion strength test for the ankle• Dorsiflexion strength test for the ankle
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Injuries to the Ankle and Foot• Fractures• Dislocations and subluxations• Contusions• Sprains• Talar tilt test• Anterior drawer test for the ankle
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Injuries to the Ankle and Foot• Tendon ruptures• Thompson test• Tendonitis• Bursitis and synovitis• Ingrown toenail• Athlete’s foot• Plantar fasciitis