Chapter 18 – The French Revolution1789-1815

1789-1815 - Time of great political change in France

French Revolution

Medieval System – Social Hierarchy of Three Estates

Old Regime/Old Order

Church Clergy

1st Estate

Nobles

2nd Estate

Commoners and Bourgeoisie

3rd Estate

wealthy middle class(lawyers, Artist, Doctors)

Bourgeoisie

Monarch during the French Revolution who was beheaded

Louis XVI

Queen during the French Revolution who was beheaded

Marie Antoinette

government spends more money then it takes in.

Deficit Spending

legislative body made up of representatives from the three estates

Estates General

Third Estate Members who left the Estates General and led the revolution in France

National Assembly

oath made by members of the National Assembly on a Tennis Court – wanted a constitution

Tennis Court Oath

July 14, 1789 - attack on the Bastille prison by the people of France; Looking for weapons and ammo.

Started attack on King’s power in France

Storming the Bastille

‘List of Wants’ - list of rights people wanted in France

Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen

(Women’s Rights) authored the Declaration of the Rights of Women and Female Citizen

Olympe de Gouges

set up a limited monarchy and gave the Legislative Assembly powers while restricting the roles of the

church.

Constitution of 1791

working class men or women who made the French Revolution more radical and wore long trousers.

Sans-Culottes

member of a radical political club during the French Revolution.

Jacobins

Extreme Change/Ideas - those who favor extreme changes

Radical

time period during the French Revolution from September 1793 to July 1794 when ‘counter-

revolutionaries’ in France were arrested for not supporting the revolution and many were beheaded.

Reign of Terror - Radical Phase

Remember the R’s

Robespierre started the Reign of Terror during the Radical Phase because he wanted a Republic

Leader of the Committee of Public Safety and the Reign of Terror in France during the French Revolution

Robespierre

group of 12 men who were charged with dealing with all threats to France both home and abroad.

Committee of Public Safety

fast falling blade used for executions during the French Revolution.

Guillotine

popular military leader who became the Emperor of France and spread nationalism and created his code of

law – brought STABILITY

Napoleon

Napoleon’s army with soldiers from over 20 nations.

Grand Army

To add territory

Annex

blockade designed by Napoleon to hurt Britianeconomically by closing European ports to British

goods; unsuccessful.

Continental System

body of French civil laws introduced in 1804; served as model for many nations civil codes.

All men equal under law.

Napoleonic Code

a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to ones country and people

Nationalism

fighting carried on through hit-and-run raids.

Guerilla Warfare

Russia’s military tactic in which soldiers destroy everything in their path to hurt the enemy.

Scorched Earth Policy

to step down from power

Abdicate

Napoleon’s final defeat - combined forces of Europe that defeated Napoleon and exiled him to St. Helena.

Battle of Waterloo

Assembly of European leaders that met after the Napoleonic era to piece Europe back together; met from

September 1814 to June 1815

Congress of Vienna

1815Goals of the Congress of Vienna

MLB

Protect MonarchiesMaintain a Balance of Power in Europe

Create a Lasting Peace

From Austria - chief leader of the Congress of Vienna.

Prince Clemons Von Metternich

International group of countries working together to secure peace

Collective Security

system in which Austria, Russia, Prussia, and Great Britian met periodically to discuss any problems

affecting the peace of Europe.

Concert of Europe

Established in Europe with the Congress of Vienna –Surround France with strong nations - when all nations

are relatively equal.

Balance of Power

monarchies that had been unseated were restored

Legitimacy