chapter 18: the progressive reform era (1890-1920)
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Chapter 18: The Progressive Reform Era (1890-1920). The goals of the Progressives ( Populists) could be summed up into four beliefs:. Government should be more accountable to its citizens Government should curb the power and influence of wealthy interests - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 18: The Progressive Reform Era
(1890-1920)
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The goals of the Progressives (Populists) could be summed up into four beliefs:
• Government should be more accountable to its citizens
• Government should curb the power and influence of wealthy interests
• Government should be given expanded powers so that it could become more active in improving the lives of its citizens
• Government should become more efficient and less corrupt so that they could competently handle an expanded role
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Origins of Progressivism• In 1906, writer and journalist
Upton Sinclair published The Jungle, a novel about how meat was processed and the accidents, illnesses, and painful deaths that occurred within the meat packing industry.
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Muckrakers • A muckrake is a rake or pitchfork used to
clean poo and hay out of stables. • Teddy Roosevelt used the term muckraker
to refer to journalists who raked filth into the public eye.
• Upton Sinclair: wrote The Jungle to expose deplorable conditions in the meatpacking industry. Called attention to the problems, and helped promote reform.
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Progressive Legislation• Progressives believed
that government ought to increase the responsibility for the well being of people and sought more social welfare programs, looking at all levels of government – municipal, state, and federal.
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Municipal Reform• Direct Primary – An election in which
citizens select nominees for upcoming elections
• Initiative – a process in which citizens can put a proposed new law directly on the ballot in the next election
• Referendum – a process that citizens use to reject or approve a law passed by the legislature
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State Reforms
• Recall – A procedure that permits voters to remove public officials from office before the next election and before their term expires
Federal Reforms• Pure Food and Drug Act – Forbid the
manufacture, sale, or transportation of food or drugs containing harmful ingredients
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Federal Reforms• Meat Inspection Act – Government
inspection of meat shipped from one state to another
• Department of Labor – A federal agency that supports laws that benefit workers
• 16th Amendment – Collection of income tax• 17th Amendment – Allowing the direct
election of Senators (instead of State legislatures selecting Senators to the U.S. Senate)
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• Meat Inspection Act and the Food and Drug Act
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1906
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Reforms During Wilson’s Administration:
• Woodrow Wilson believed that his duty as President was to offer major legislation to Congress, to promote it publicly, and to guide it to passage.
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Wilson’s Reforms
Clayton Anti-Trust Act – Limited the power of monopolies and clarified the Sherman Anti-Trust ActFederal Trade Commission – Created the Agency (FTC) that investigates fraudulent practices and used the courts to enforce its policies Federal Reserve Act (System)- Created a three level banking system that controlled the nation’s money supply and regulated member banks
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Wilson’s Reforms
Adamson Act – Reduced railroad workers workday from 10 hours to 8 hours with no cut in payFederal Workmen’s Compensation Act – Benefits paid to federal employees injured on the jobKeating-Owen Child Labor Act – Outlawed products sold interstate produced by child labor
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Reforms During Wilson’s Administration:• 18th Amendment – Prohibition – no sale or
manufacture of alcoholic beverages
• 19th Amendment – Women receive the right to vote (suffrage)
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Suffrage At Last• For roughly 70 years, women’s organizations
actively campaigned for suffrage, or the right to vote.
• In 1848, American women’s organizations demanded the right to vote at the Seneca Falls Convention in New York.
• The Seneca Falls Convention made famous the names of Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
• In 1872, Susan B. Anthony joined the caused and would take the suffrage cause into the 20th Century.
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• Anthony led a group of women to the polls in Rochester, New York where voting was illegal for women; she was arrested for this act of civil disobedience – a non-violent refusal to obey a law in an effort to change it.
• In 1890, Anthony, Stanton, and Lucy Stone were joined by younger leaders in forming the National American Woman Suffrage Association
• In 1918, Congress proposed the suffrage amendment.
• In August, 1920, the 19th Amendment became law and women now had the right to vote.
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