Chapter 18.2 The U.S. Party System Throughout our history, political parties developed based on public opinion and its realignment The shifting of the parties base of support among the electorate. Federalists vs. Antifederalists 1789 Pres. Washington begins 1 st term. Splits his cabinet between Federalists (led by Alexander Hamilton) Antifederalists (led by Thomas Jefferson) 1793 Thomas Jefferson resigns from position as Sec. of State. Why? He hates Alexander Hamilton! George Washington loves Hamilton, and picks his opinions over TJ. Jefferson immediately starts to establish his own followers. The birth of the Democrat- Republicans 1793 Federalists (aka democrats) Believed in large government Give aid to business Give money to states to build roads and buildings Split between Alexander Hamilton supporters James Madison supporters (hated Hamilton) Antifederalists (aka republicans) Believed in small government Help farmers States should govern themselves Led by Thomas Jefferson hates Alexander Hamilton Asks Madison to join him.. So we get. DEMOCRAT- REPUBLICANS!! Election of 1796 and John Adams (Federalists) vs. Thomas Jefferson (Dem-Rep) Adams wins, TJ becomes VP 1800 Adams (Federalists) vs. TJ TJ wins, Adams takes 3d (wins nothing) Federalists falls apart leaving only the Dem-Republicans The Reign of the Democrat- Republicans Thomas Jefferson (Dem-Rep) James Madison (Dem- Rep) James Monroe (Dem-Rep) Election of 1824 A little different story Election of 1824birth of Democrats Since Dem-Reps have been in power for almost 25 years, the Federalists have disappeared Election for POTUS John Quincy Adams (Dem Rep) Andrew Jackson ( Dem Rep) Henry Clay (Dem Rep) The Deal of the Century Popular Vote of 1824 election Andrew Jackson wins majority Clay and J.Q. Adams split the rest. However, nobody has enough electoral college votes! Goes to H.of Reps to be voted on. A. Jackson = 40 % of votes J.Q. Adams = 35% of votes H. Clay = 25% of votes You need over 50%!! What do you do? A Bargain is Struck! Henry Clay promises J.Q. Adams his votes for the position of Sec. of State! Sec of State = next POTUS usually! New election of 1824 JQ Adams = 60% of vote! Andy Jackson = 40% Adams = 6 th POTUS! The Split of the Democrat -Republicans 1824 J.Q. Adams and Henry Clay lead the Democrat Republicans in the White House Andrew Jackson leaves the party and starts his own. Called the Democrats. Believed in conservative America. The average American citizen needs to be able to survive! Must eliminate Native Americans. Slavery must remain. Election of 1828 J.Q. Adams (Dem- Republicans) Andrew Jackson (Democrats) Jackson wins in landslide to become the 7 th POTUS. Last POTUS to have lived during American Revolution. The Whigs (todays Democrats) Started in 1829 Hated Andrew Jackson Policies: Antislavery Big government Give money to business to build America! Tax citizens to raise money! At first, Whigs got little support (Civil War) 2 things dominated American politics Slavery! Taxes! Major political parties: Democrats (pro slavery) Whigs join with Democrat-Republicans Antislavery 1856 and 1860 Elections.lead to Civil War 1856 Republican Abe Lincoln Democrat Stephen Douglas Democrat James Buchanan Wins promising to keep slavery legal popular sovereignty 1860a time of change in America Republican Abe Lincoln Democrat James Buchanan Democrat S. Douglas Lincoln wins electoral college vote Buchanon and Douglas split the popular vote. Lincoln only gets 46% of vote. And Thus the Civil War.