chapter 18:ii
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 18:ii. [Image source: http://www.pbs.org/crucible/]. The growing power of the United States brought it increasingly into conflict with other nations. [Image source: http://www.humboldt.edu/~jcb10/spanwar.shtml]. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 18:ii
[Image source: http://www.pbs.org/crucible/]
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The growing power of the United States brought it increasingly into
conflict with other nations.
[Image source: http://www.humboldt.edu/~jcb10/spanwar.shtml]
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Cuban guerillas brought pressure on the United States government by attacking American business interests in Cuba.
[Image source: http://www.4thcorp.com/camaguey/Glimpse/Brigadier.jpg]
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Newspapers competing for
readers printed false and
exaggerated stories
regarding Spanish
atrocities in Cuba.
[Image source: http://www.humboldt.edu/~jcb10/spanwar.shtml]
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W. R. Hearst promoted
yellow journalism
that whipped up public
sentiment in favor of the
Cuban rebels.
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Yellow journalismis a form of newspaper reporting relying on sensational headlines and lurid
stories to sell papers.
[Image source: http://www.humboldt.edu/~jcb10/spanwar.shtml]
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[Source: http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html]
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“Butcher” Weyler herded the Cuban people into reconcentration camps, where an estimated 200,000 died.
[Image source: http://www.zpub.com/cpp/caw1.jpg]
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The burst of national pride and a desire for an aggressive foreign policy that
resulted was known as jingoism.
[Source: http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html]
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[Image source: http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/USPics12/21922v.jpg]
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Mob riots in early-1898 resulted in the dispatch of the U. S. S. Maine to Havana to protect
American citizens and property.
[Image source: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/maineskg.htm]
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More than 250 American
sailors were killed when the U.S.S. Maine blew up and
sank in Havana Harbor 15th
February 1898.[Image source:
http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/maineskg.htm]
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The Spanish were blamed for the explosion that sank the Maine.
[Image source: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/maineskg.htm]
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Newspapers speculated as to the cause of the explosion
that destroyed the Maine, . . .
[http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html]
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. . . which resulted in
a strong anti-Spanish
sentiment among many Americans.
[http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html]
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[Image source: http://www.humboldt.edu/~jcb10/spanwar.shtml]
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[Image source: http://www.cartoonstock.com/vintage/directory/s/spanish_american_war.asp]
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The result wasa jingoistic
clamour for a declaration of
war from many Americans, including
members of Congress.
[http://www.humboldt.edu/~jcb10/spanwar.shtml]
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President McKinley initially resisted public
opinion, but ultimately succumbed
to “war fever.”
[http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html]
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Patriotic Americans responded
to thecall-to-arms,
enlistingin large
numbers.[http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html]
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Theodore Roosevelt saw the Philippine rebellion as an opportunity to acquire a base
to protect United States
trade in Asian.[Source:
http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/people/pers-nat/pers-nat.htm]
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Roosevelt dispatched the U. S. Asiatic squadron to
the Philippinesto attack the Spanish fleet stationed at
Manila.[Image Source: America - Pathways to the
Present (Prentice-Hall), p. 522]
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President McKinley
rescinded allof Roosevelt’s
telegramsexcept the one to the commander
of the Asiatic squadron,
Commodore Dewey.[http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/
people/pers-nat/pers-nat.htm]
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McKinley issued a series of demands to the Spanish government:• compensation for the U.S.S. Maine
• end of the use of reconcentration camps in Cuba
• a truce in Cuba• Cuban Independence
[Image source: http://www3.eou.edu/hist06/images/cartoon3_000.gif]
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[http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/
people/pers-adm/pers-adm.htm]
When these demands were
rebuffed, Commodore
George Dewey was orderedto attack the Spanish fleetat anchor inManila Bay,
the Philippines.
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Admiral Dewey’s attack of 1st May 1898 caught the Spanish entirely by surprise.
[Source: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/man-bay1.htm]
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The action commenced
when Admiral Dewey told the captain of his flagship “You may fire when
ready, Gridley.”[http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/
spanam/events/man-bay1.htm]
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Captain Charles V.
“Steve” Gridley
[http://www.spanamwar.com/Gridley.htm]
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The anchored Spanish warships proved easy targets for the
powerful American squadron, . . .
[Image source: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/man-bay1.htm]
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. . . while the swift-moving American vessels proved to be
difficult targets to hit.
[Source: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/man-bay1.htm]
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The entire Spanish squadron was either destroyed or captured.
[Image source: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/man-bay1.htm]
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The Battle of Manila Bay was
the first great victory by the
U. S. Navy overa foreign navy
since the Battle of Lake Champlain
during theWar of 1812.[Image source:
http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/dewey.html]
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Commodore Dewey
instantly became
a national hero, . . .
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. . . and Congress promoted him to the
rank of admiral.
[http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/newspaper.html]
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Celebrity endorsements
and appearances on Leno and Letterman
soon followed.
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American troops were quickly dispatched to occupy the Philippines.
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After a short, choreographed
battle, the Spanish forces around Manila
capitulated.
[Image source: http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/31/32716/figures/DIVI441.jpg]
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Future-president William Howard
Taft servedably as the American-appointed
governor forthe Philippines.
[Image source: http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/sw-sa/TaftWH.jpg]
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The U. S. quickly became embroiled in suppressing a rebellion.
[Image Source: America - Pathways to the Present (Prentice-Hall), p. 523]
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American forces killed an estimated 16,000 Filipino rebels during the three-year insurrection.
[Image source: http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/art/P-P/USAIA/Moros.jpg]
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The U. S. S. Oregon made an epic voyage around South America to
reinforce the Atlantic fleet.[http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/us-prep/us-prep.htm]
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The U. S. S. Oregon broke all records, making the trip in an astounding 23 days.
[http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/us-prep/us-prep.htm]
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Initial efforts to force the Spanish fleet into a decisive
battle met with failure.
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The United States moved quickly to blockade Cuba and force the Spanish fleet to do battle.
[America - Pathways to the Present, p. 522]
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Rear-Admiral William Thomas Sampson’s naval blockade allowed
the United States to dispatch an army to Cuba to fight
the Spanish.
[http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/people/pers-adm/pers-adm.htm]
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[Image source: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/greater_antilles_1898.jpg]
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Teddie Roosevelt raised a regiment of volunteer cavalry that became known as the “Rough Riders.”
[Image Source: America - Pathways to the Present (Prentice-Hall), p. 537]
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Roosevelt’s charge up Kettle and San Juan hills made him a national hero overnight.
[http://www.rose-hulman.edu/~delacova/1898/rough-riders.gif]
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Soldiers of the 10th U.S. Cavalry, commanded by Captain John J. “Black Jack” Pershing,
participated in the attack.
[Image source: http://www3.eou.edu/hist06/images/image001.jpg]
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With control of the heights commanding Santiago Harbor in American hands, the
Spanish squadron was forced to flee.
[Image source: http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/img/santiagohar.jpg]
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The Spanish squadron fled westward along the coast pursued by American warships.
[Image source: http://www.mainlesson.com/books/fraser/seafights/zpage274.gif]
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The two squadrons were mismatched, and the Spanish ships were easily
destroyed.
[Image source: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Rhodes/3991/SantiagoS.jpg]
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The victory 3rd July set-off wild Independence Day celebrations throughout the United States.
[Image source: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h01000/h01132.jpg]
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Rear-Admiral Winfield Scott
Schley wasin tactical
command at the time that the Spanish
squadron was destroyed.[http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/
people/pers-adm/pers-adm.htm]
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Eventually controversy would surround who
deserved the credit for sinking the Spanish fleet.
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Following their victory, the United Statessent an army of occupation to Havana, Cuba.
[http://www.zpub.com/cpp/caw4.jpg]
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In the Treaty of Paris (1898), Spain recognized Cuba’s independence.
[Image source: http://www.newmedialab.cuny.edu/PSM/images/photo10a.JPG]
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In exchange for $20 million, Spain also relinquished control over Puerto Rico,
Guam, and the Philippines.
[Image source: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/ward_1912/west_indies_philippines_1898.jpg]
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“Hurrah! The Country is saved again!
[Image source: Hawaii State Archives]
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Only 400 of the 2,500 American fatalities were a result of combat.
[Image source: http://www.lausd.k12.ca.us/Belmont_HS/tkm/Pics/Spanish-American%20War%20Soildiers/spamwar.gif]
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The Teller Amendment to
Congress’s 1898war resolution had
promised Spain that the United States would not annex
Cuba.
[Image source: http://www2.chass.ncsu.edu/slatta/hi453/images/teller.gif]
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President McKinley installed a military government underGeneral Leonard
Wood, who organized a school
system and restored economic stability.
[Image source: http://jssgallery.org/Paintings/Portrait_of_Major_General.jpg]
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[http://www.med.virginia.edu/hs-library/
historical/yelfev/pan6.html]
Major Walter Reed of the Army
Medical Corps served on a
commission that found a cure for
yellow fever.
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Platt Amendment
Cuba had to do the following:
• could not enter into agreements with other nations without U.S. approval
• had to allow the U.S. to establish two naval bases on the island
• U.S. had the right to intervene if necessary
[Image source: http://www.bnjm.cu/librinsula/imagen/ima62/COLABORACIONES_Una-vez-mas-.jpg]
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One result of the Spanish-American War was heightened interest in an isthmian canal.
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Queen Liliuokalani, the rightful monarch of Hawaii, was portrayed as
an incompetent savage.
[Images source: http://library.kcc.hawaii.edu/~soma/cartoons/drawthum.jpg]
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With the help of United States Marines, pineapple planter Sanford B. Dole seized control of the Hawaiian Islands in 1893.
[Image source: http://libweb.hawaii.edu/digicoll/annexation/images/pic5.html]
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Dole declared Hawaii a
republic and requested thatit be annexedby the United
States.[Image source: Atlantic Monthly Review, July 1898]
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“We need Hawaii just as much anda good deal more
than we did California. It is
Manifest Destiny.”
PresidentWilliam McKinley
(1898)
[Image source: http://genealogytrails.com/main/presidents/mckinley.jpg]
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The need for naval stations in the Pacific
Ocean convinced
Congress to approve the annexationof Hawaii in
1898.[Image source:
http://library.kcc.hawaii.edu/~soma/cartoons/wed3.jpg]
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By the late-1800s, European powers and Japan were seeking areas of economic and
political control in China.
[Image source: http://academickids.com/encyclopedia/images/thumb/0/0e/200px-China_imperialism_cartoon.jpg]
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The United States feared
that the resulting
spheres of influence
would limit opportunities
for trade.
[Image source: America – Pathways to the Present, page 516.]
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In 1899, the American
Secretary-of-State John Hay
proposed the Open Door Policy regarding trade
with China.[Image source:
http://www.heritage.nf.ca/law/images/johnhay_550.jpg]
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[Source: America – Pathways to the Present, page 525.]
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The American empireat the dawn of the twentieth-century:
[Image source: http://websupport1.citytech.cuny.edu/Faculty/pcatapano/lectures_us2/pacificmap98.jpg]
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Civilization Begins at Home
[http://www.utep.edu/hist3101/gif/civilize.gif]
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[Image source: http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/5/5d/275px-1899BalanceCartoon.jpg]