chapter 19 inflammation immune concepts
TRANSCRIPT
Peggy D. Johndrow 2009
• Purpose of inflammation & immunity to neutralize, eliminate, or destroy organisms that invade body
• Immune system cells distinguish self from non-self proteins and cells (include infected body cells, cancer cells, organisms)• Self-tolerance: ability to recognize self versus
non-self necessary to prevent healthy body cells from being destroyed along with invaders
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) normal part of person and act as antigens if enter another person’s immune system; specify tissue type of a person
Unique universal product code for each person
Determine tissue type of a person HLA key for recognition and self-
tolerance
Nonspecific defenses: Anatomical, physiological Body tissues Phagocytosis Inflammation
Specific defenses of body r/t immune system and its response to foreign protein introduced to the body; distinct responses but overlap in function Antibody-mediated immune system Cell-mediated immunity
Provides immediate protection against effects of tissue injury and foreign proteins
Capability for inflammatory response critical to health and well-being
Causes visible symptoms and can rid the body of harmful organisms
Tissue damage may result from excessive inflammatory response
Process that occurs in response to tissue injury and invasion of organisms
Usually accompanied by inflammation; however, inflammation can occur without infection
Inflammation not always mean infection present
Stage I (vascular): change in blood vessels Phase I: constriction Phase II: hyperemia and edema
Stage II (cellular exudate): neutrophilia, pus
Stage III (tissue repair and replacement)
Warmth Redness Swelling Pain Decreased function
Innate-native immunity: natural immunity Adaptive immunity Active immunity Natural active immunity Artificial active immunity Passive immunity
Resistance to infection usually associated with presence of antibodies or cells acting on specific microorganisms
Passive immunity: short duration, either naturally by placental transfer or artificially by injection of antibodies
Active immunity: lasts for years and occurs naturally by infection or artificially by stimulation (vaccine) of immune defenses
Antibodies all immunoglobulins (gamma globulins) Globulin protein in a globular shape Globular proteins provide immunity Resulting term immunoglobulin
Five antibody types classified by size, timing, and association
Helps protect body by differentiating self from non-self cells; non-self cells most easily recognized by cell-mediated immunity are cancer cells and those self cells infected by organisms that live within host cells
Important in preventing development of cancer and metastasis after exposure to carcinogens
Natural killer cells Cytokines
Correct name CD4+ (cluster of differentiation 4)
Also called OKT4 positive or Leu-3 positive because of specific antigens on membrane surface
Easily recognize self cells versus non-self cell Act as organizers in “calling in arms“ of
various squads of WBCs involved in inflammatory, antibody, and cellular defensive actions to destroy or neutralize antigens
Hyperacute graft rejection Acute graft rejection Chronic rejection Treatment of transplant rejection Maintenance Rescue therapy