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    Computer and

    Internet Basics

    Unit A

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    Objectives

    Introduce Application and SystemSoftware

    Define Internet Basics

    Connect to the Internet

    Understand World Wide WebBasics

    Use Browsers

    Understand E-mail Basics

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    A Computer is a device that

    accepts input

    processes data

    stores data

    produces output

    (all according to a series of stored instructions)

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    Computer Organization Vs

    Architecture

    Computer architecture refers to thoseattributes of system visible to programmer

    i.e have direct impact on the logical

    execution of a program the number of bits

    used to represent data types

    Computer organization refers to the

    operational units and their

    interconnections that realize thearchitectural specifications e.g memory

    technology used

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    Computer Structure Vs Computer

    Function

    Structure the way in whichcomponents are interrelated

    Function the operation of each

    individual component as part of

    the structure

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    Components of Computer system

    Hardware:

    microprocessor

    Peripheral devices:

    input and output

    Software:programs

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    Computer System

    Computer + input devices + output devices + storage devices

    Peripherals

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    System Unit

    Power Supply

    Storage Devices

    Circuit Boards

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    Input/Output Devices

    Monitor

    Keyboard

    MouseModem

    Printer

    scanners

    Speakers/sound card

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    Storage Devices

    Floppy disk drive

    Hard disk driveCD-ROM drive

    DVD driveCD writer

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    Computer Functions

    Words, symbols, numbers, sound,pictures, program instructionsInput

    Program calculates, sorts modifies data

    Uses microprocessor or CPUProcess

    Memory is temporary holding area (RAM)

    Storage is permanent (disk)Store

    Results of processing

    Reports, graphs, documents, pictures

    Printer or monitor

    Output

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    Categorizing Computers

    Cost

    Usage

    Size

    Capability

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    Less Powerful Computers

    Handheld computer/PDA

    Videogame console

    Sony PlayStation

    PC/microcomputer

    Workstations

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    More Powerful Computers

    Server Supplies network computers with data

    Mainframe Large, expensive, powerful, many users

    Reliability, data security, central control

    important

    Supercomputer Fastest and most powerful

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    Computer Network

    Two or more

    computers that are

    connected andshare data and

    programs

    LAN is a local area network

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    Data vs. Information

    Data (symbols) used by computers

    Information (meaningful) used by people

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    Data

    Binary numbersystem to define

    electronic data

    0 or 1

    Bit

    Byte (8 bits)

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    Platform

    Mac and PC compatibility is an

    issueApple computer = Mac platform

    Original IBM computer =

    Windows or PC platform

    Microprocessor + Operating system

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    Application Software

    Microsoft PowerPointMicrosoft Excel

    Designedto carry out

    a particular

    task

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    Internet Basics (Cyberspace)

    Internet is acollection of local,

    regional, national

    and internationalcomputer networks

    that are linked

    together toexchange data and

    distribute

    processing tasks.

    Req irements to connect to

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    Requirements to connect to

    Internet

    Computer

    ISP

    Telecommunication linesModems

    Internet software (web browser)

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    Internet Terminology

    Backbone: defines main Internetroutes Constructed and maintained by major

    telecommunications companiesTCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet

    Protocol

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    Internet Terminology

    Server software

    IP Address: uniquenumber for each Internet

    computerPackets: small chunks ofdata ready to travel theInternet

    Router: helps send alongthe packets to correctdestination

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    Internet Resources

    E-commerce

    E-mail

    WWW (the web)

    Chat Groups

    Telnet

    Download Or Upload

    Usenet

    Internet Telephony

    Instant Messaging

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    Modem Internet Connections

    Dial-up connection via modem(56K)

    Cable modems Network card and cable modem required

    Always-on and 25 times faster than dial-up

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    Faster Internet Connections

    ISDN (Integrated Services DigitalNetwork)

    64K or 128K

    Always-on and expensiveDSL (Digital Subscriber Line) and xDSL Up to 125 times faster than dialup

    DSS (Digital Satellite Service) 500K

    Need proximity to a telephone switching station

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    World Wide Web Basics

    Files interconnected via hypertext

    Web pages make up a web site

    Home PageLinks or hyperlinks

    Web servers

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    World Wide Web Basics

    URL No spaces and Case sensitive

    HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

    HTML (Hypertext MarkupLanguage) .htm or .html file extension

    Document name

    and filename

    extension

    Folder

    name

    Web

    server

    name

    Web

    protocol

    standard

    http://www.cnn.com/showbiz/movies.htm

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    Using Browsers

    Can type URLsHTML tags tell browser how to display webpage data

    Back, forward and stop buttons

    Setting a home pagePrint options

    History list

    Favorites and bookmarksEdit and Find

    Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator

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    Search Engines

    Keywords

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    E-mail Basics

    Account = Mailbox

    Message

    AttachmentASCII vs HTML format

    Netiquette

    userid@computer

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    E-mail System

    E-mail serversStore-and-forward technology

    Types POP (Post Office Protocol) used via ISP

    IMAP (Internet Messaging Access

    Protocol)

    Web-based like Hotmail, Yahoomail, gmail

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    Tutorial

    Compare at least five commonsearch engines

    Discuss the various types of System software

    Application software

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    Tutorial

    1. Briefly explain how computers are usedin the following areas/sectors

    Education

    Engineering

    Transport and Communication

    Health

    Recreation

    2. Describe the various types ofcomputers according to their sizes.


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