Chapter 2: Antacids

Why do we need antacids?

Your body needs hydrochloric acid to digest food.

Too much acid can cause heartburn and ulcers and can damage your esophagus.

Antacids versus Acid Inhibitors

Acid InhibitorsAntacids

Neutralizes the acid currently in your system

Controls the production of acid in your body

There are two types of medicines you can use

Work quickly but your body can make more acid again

Long-term solution, but needs to build up in your

system to be most effective

Alka-Seltzer ®, Rolaids ®, Tums ®, Malox ®, Mylanta ®

Tagamat ®, Zantac ®, Pepcid AC ®

Is it fair when a commercial compares the fast action of an antacid to an acid inhibitor that takes up to 7 days to build up?

Section 2.1—Types of Matter

Objectives•Define and distinguish between pure substances and mixtures

Classification of Matter

Matter

Pure Substances

Mixtures

Element CompoundHomogeneous

(Solutions)Heterogeneous

Matter

Matter is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space.

It is classified as either a pure substance or a mixture

Pure Substances versus Mixtures

MixturesPure Substances

Every piece of matter is exactly the

same

More than one type of substance mixed

together

Matter

Elements versus Compounds

CompoundElements

Every atom is the same type of atom

More than one type of atom chemically bonded together. Every molecule is

the same.

Pure substances are either elements or compounds.

Elements

• A pure substance!•Every atom is the same type.•Elements can be found on the periodic table.

Element

Single AtomCannot be broken down by chemical or physical processes to form anything else!

Compounds

•A pure substance!•Every molecule of a compound is the same.

Compound

Single Molecule

Made of more than one type of atom (that is, more than 1 element) bonded together.

Can be broken down into its elements by chemical reactions only

Mixtures

HeterogeneousHomogeneous

•It looks the same throughout

•Also called a solution.

Different matter can be seen (chunks, bubbles, floaties,

layers, etc.)

Mixtures can be classified as homogeneous or heterogeneous.

Mixtures

•Not a pure substance!•A physical combination – no chemical bonds between substances

Mixture

More than 1 type of pure substance

Can be separated through physical means – a chemical reaction is NOT necessary.

Mixture possibilities

Mixtures can be any combination of solids, liquids and gases:Solid-solid: medicine tablet, alloy.Solid-gas: smogSolid-liquid: salt waterLiquid-liquid: lemon water, vinegar.Gas-Liquid: carbonated water, sea water.Gas-Gas: air

True solutions, Colloids & Suspensions

ColloidTrue Solution

Particles don’t settle out and are

too small to scatter light

Particles don’t settle out but are large enough to

scatter light

Suspension

Particles will settle out over time

Dissolved Particle Size Increases

Particles Scattering LightIf the dissolved particles are large enough

to scatter light, we say it exhibits the “Tyndall Effect”

SolutionLight passes through unchanged

Colloids exhibit the Tyndall EffectLight is scattered by larger solute particles

Connect these concepts with Antacids

What type of matter do you think antacids are?Pure substance (Element or compound)Mixture (homogeneous or heterogeneous)

Connect these concepts with Antacids

Antacids are mixtures.They contain active & inactive ingredientsWhat purposes could the inactive

ingredients serve?

Connect these concepts with Antacids

Inactive ingredients mightAdd enough volume to make the pill able to be

handeledAdd colorAdd flavorAllow the tablet to be compressed and formed

Let’s Practice

Tin foilExample:Determine if

each is element,

compound, homogeneous

or heterogeneous

mixtures

Copper pipe

Concrete

Carbon tetrachloride

Sports drink

Let’s Practice

ElementTin foilExample:Determine if

each is element,

compound, homogeneous

or heterogeneous

mixtures

ElementCopper pipe

Heterogeneous mixConcrete

CompoundCarbon tetrachloride

Homogenous mixSports drink

Physical Separation of MixturesSubstances in a mixture are separated by physical

processes. These are based on differences in the physical properties of the substances.

1. Manual separation is used to separate substances based on differences in color, shape, or size.

2. Siphoning is used to separate oil

& water. Oil & water can be separated because of differences in density.

Physical Separation of Mixtures (cont.)

3. Using a magnet can separate out metals that are attracted to a magnet.

4. Substances, like table salt, that are soluble in water can be separated from other solids (for example, sand) by simply making a solution.

Physical Separation of Mixtures (cont.)

5. Filtration uses a screen or filter (any porous barrier) to separate the differently-sized substances in a heterogeneous mixture. Smaller particles (like slat and water) will pass through but larger ones (like the sand) will be trapped by a filter.

Physical Separation of Mixtures

6. The salt can then be separated from the water by distillation. Distillation is a technique that separates the components of solutions based on differences in their boiling points.

Physical Separation of Mixtures (cont.)7. In paper

chromatography, a mixture of substances will separate out on paper primarily due to the tendency of each to be attracted to and travel across the surface of another material.

Physical Separation of Mixtures

8. Crystallization is a separation technique for solutions that results in the formation of pure solid particles from a solution containing the dissolved substance.

In rock candy, for example, as water evaporates from a sugar water solution, the solution becomes more concentrated. The amount of water present cannot keep all the sugar in the solution dissolved. The sugar therefore crystallizes on the string.