chapter 2 body coordination student's notes 2015

7/23/2019 Chapter 2 Body Coordination Student's Notes 2015

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What is Body Coordination?

1. a) _________________ is the adjustment of the body's reaction towards any stimulus,

b) The stimuli can be _______, _______, ________________ and _______________.

CHAPTER 2 BODY COORDINATION

2.1 Understandin Body Coordination

2.2 Understandin the H!"an Ner#o!s $yste"

2.% Ana&ysin Ner#o!s Coordination

2.' Understandin the Ro&e o( Pro)rio*e)tors in "aintainin

+a&an*e and *oordination

2., Understandin the h!"an +rain and its *o")&e-ity

2. Understandin Hor"ona& Coordination in the Body

2./ Ana&ysin Coordination +et0een the Ner#o!s $yste" and

the Endo*rine $yste"

2. E#a&!atin the e((e*ts o( E-*essi#e Cons!")tion o( A&*oho&

on Body Coordination and Hea&th

2. Rea&isin the i")ortan*e o( a $o!nd and Hea&thy 3ind

2.1 Understandin Body Coordination



2. _______________ensures that different body parts _________________ to perform a

specific function in harmony when ________________-

$yste" o( the Body that Contro&s Body Coordination

1. Activities of different body parts are controlled by two systems of coordination, which

are.

a) the _________________ b) the _______________________

The I")ortan*e o( Body Coordination

1) Controls coordination between ____________________________________

2) revents the body __________________________________

!) Allows the body ________________________________________

The human __________________ allows

__________________to everythin" in the environment. #twill be __________________________________

Body Coordination

$ormonal system% Controlled

and coordinated by the

______________________

&ervous system% Controlled

and coordinated by the

Controlled activities of the body

2.2

Understandi

n theH!"an

Ner#o!s

$yste"



The Parts o( the H!"an Ner#o!s $yste"

The human nervous system is divided into two parts,

a) the ______________________________________

b) the ______________________________________

1. ______________ are cells specialised to __________

a particular stimulus.

2. The _________________________ coordinates

a response.

!. The _______ controls all the body activities such

as runnin" and listenin".

. The _____________ controls refle( actions such

as the nee jer.

Ne!rones

1) &eurones are the _____________ of the nervous system.

2) The function of neurones is to _____________________

!) The dia"ram below shows the __________________ of neurones and the

___________of the parts of neurone.

H!"an Ner#o!s $yste"

Peri)hera& ner#o!s syste"

Transmit impulses from

***************** throu"h the

*************************** to

************ for response.

Centra& ner#o!s syste"

+eceives impulses from

***************** to be

interpreted. After the impulses are

interpreted, new impulses will be

sent to the ************for

4444444444 ner#o!s syste"

)

+elays information

to the internal

or"ans.

4444444444 ner#o!s syste"

)

+elays information

to and from the sin

and seletal

muscles.

Parts 5!n*tions

Dendro

n

Dendrite

A-on

3ye&insheath

N!*&e!s



Chara*teristi*s $ensory

ne!rones

Re&ay

ne!rones

3otor ne!rones

osition of

neurones

osition of the

cell bodies

-unction

i/e of the a(on

i/e of the

dendron

athway of

impulses

E-er*ises 6 Pra*ti*e



1. 0abel the parts on each of the neurones and state its function.

2.2 Understandin the H!"an Ner#o!s $yste"



tructured uestion

1. ia"ram 1 shows the human nervous system.

Diara" 1

a) Amon" the parts labelled ,, + and , which two parts are the components of thecentral nervous system3 &ame them.

i)***************************** ii)****************************

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b) Amon" the parts labelled , , + and , which two parts are the components of theperipheral nervous system 3 &ame them.

i)***************************** ii)****************************

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c) &ame two sensory or"ans in the head which are connected to +.

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d)

Amon" the parts labelled , , + and , which part controls the action describedabove3

*********************************************************************

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2.% Ana&ysin Ner#o!s Coordination

1. +aju sits on a chair with one le" crossed over the other le".2. &a/ri "ently taps +aju's nee just below the nee cap with a rubber hammer.!. +aju's le" jers forward.



Re*e)tor and E((e*tor

1. _____________________________ is the _____________________________ a"ainst

a stimulus received to produce a response throu"h the __________________________

in the form of _______________

2. #n the previous topic, you have been introduced to the term _________

and __________

!. ____________ are ________________ that are present in the ____________________

and they are very sensitive to stimuli.

. There are ______________________________ namely the ______________________

and __________________ .

6. _____________ are or"ans that ____________________________

7. 8(amples of effectors are ___________ and ______________

9. :hen your hand touches hot water, you will pull your hand away ;uicly. The muscle in

your hand is the _____________

<. The dia"ram below e(plains the _________________________ in nervous

coordination.

Re(&e- A*tion and Re(&e- Ar*



1. A ________________ is an _____________________________________ of the body

to an e(ternal stimulus carried out ________________________

2. A refle( action occurs ______________ . This is because the _____________________

nown as the ___________ is _________________ .

!. The flow chart below shows the neural pathway of a refle( action which forms a refle(arc.

Ne!ra& Path0ay o( a Re(&e- A*tion

$ti"!&!s Re*e)tor Centra&

ner#o!s

syste"

E((e*tor Res)onse

E-a")&e o( a Re(&e- A*tion

E((e*tor Re*e)tor $ensory

ne!rone

Re&ay

ne!rone

3otor

ne!rone



2.' Understandin the Ro&e o( Pro)rio*e)tors in "aintainin +a&an*e

and *oordination

$tret*h Re*e)tors

1. tretch receptors function to _______________________ that involve the _________

and ________________________

2. tretch receptors are ___________________________________________________

!. There are stretch receptors in the _________________________________________

. The dia"ram below shows the ____________________________________________

tretch receptors are specialised muscle

fibres that are connected to __________

*************************

These receptors are stimulated when the ________________________________

tretch receptors are also nown as

______________________



6. tretch receptors in the muscles are stimulated when the muscles are ____________

_________________________________

7. tretch receptors "enerate ____________________ and transmit the nerve impulses

to"ether with the __________________ sensory neurones) to the brain or spinal

cord.

9. The brain or spinal cord interprets the _____________ and sends the response alon"

with the ________________ to the correct part of the body for ___________________

___________________________

<. The sense that helps us to be ________________ and ________________________

with the use of stretch receptors is nown as _________________

Path0ay o( I")!&ses In#o&#in $tret*h Re*e)tors

I")ortan*e o( $tret*h Re*e)tors



7ee)ino!r +a&an*e

E-er*ises

$tr!*t!red 8!estion

1. ia"ram 1 shows the refle( arc in an action when a student accidently touches a hot up

of coffee.

Diara" 1

a) $ow will the student react when he=she touches the hot cup of coffee3

**********************************************************************

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b) :hich part of the nervous system controls the action of the student as stated in a)3

********************************************************************** 41 mar5



c) i) &ame the parts labelled and +.

% ***********************************

+ % ***********************************

42 mars5

ii) tate the function of the part labelled .

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41 mar5

d) >sin" the parts labeled ,,+, and T, build a flow chart sho:in" the transmission of

impulse for the action shown in ia"ram 1.

41 mar5

2., Understandin the h!"an +rain and its *o")&e-ity

The H!"an Brain

$umans have a brain to ____________________________________________________

and perform various activities. The human brain is the ____________________________ .

0et us identify its structure and functions.

The $tr!*t!re and 5!n*tions o( the H!"an

1. The brain is a ________________________ and is covered by the ____________ or

sull nown as the __________________

2. The human brain is divided into ____________ main parts, namely the ____________

_________________________________________________

!. The dia"ram below shows the parts of the ___________________ and its functions.



9o&!ntary A*tions and In#o&!ntary A*tions

1. A voluntary action is an action __________________________________________

andcan be implemented in accordance with our re;uirements. 8(amples are ___________

**************************************

2. An involuntary action is done ________________________________ . 8(amples are

_________________________________________________

!. The dia"ram below shows the differences between voluntary actions and involuntary

actions.



E-er*ises

$tr!*t!red 8!estion

1. ia"ram 1 shows a student throwin" a ball.



Diara" 1.1

a) :hat is the type of action shown in ia"ram 1.13

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b) ia"ram 1.2 shows the structure of the human brain.

Diara" 1.2

i) :hich of the parts labelled , and +, controls the students action3

*******************************************************************

41 mar5

ii) &ame the part stated in b)i).

*******************************************************************

41 mar5

c) The path taen by the impulse when the student throws the ball is shown below.

i) &ame the neurones labelled ? and @.

?% ***************************************

@% *************************************** 42 mars5

ii) :hat is the function of the effector in this actions.

*******************************************************************

41 mar5

2. Understandin Hor"ona& Coordination in the Body

__________ is the control response of the body to a stimulus from the body and the

e(ternal environment. _____________________________ in the body is controlled by the

_____________________________

Endo*rine $yste"

1. The endocrine system consists of the

________________________ i.e.

___________________________

which ________________________

directly into the bloodstream.



5!n*tion and :o*ation o( the ;&ands

PITUITARY ;:AND THYROID ;:AND

<Thyro-ine= *ontains Iodine>



PANCREA$ ADRENA: ;:AND <adrena&ine>

TE$TI$ testosterone) O9ARY oestro"en, pro"esterone)

-

The E((e*ts o( Hor"ona& I"+a&an*e

HOR3ONE$ E55ECT O5



O9ER $ECRETION UNDER $ECRETION

;ro0th hor"one

<)it!itary>

***************child)

**********adult)

*************

Thyro-ine

<thyroid>

************************* **********physical and

mental children)

***************

************** adult)

Ins!&in <)an*reas>

Oestroen <o#ary>

Proesterone

<o#ary>

Testosterone<testis>



2./ Ana&ysin Coordination +et0een the Ner#o!s $yste" and the

Endo*rine $yste"

Co")arison +et0een the Ner#o!s $yste" and Endo*rine $yste"

1. The human nervous system is divided into...

a) the central nervous system b) the peripheral nervous system

2. The endocrine system consists of the endocrine "lands, i.e. "lands without ducts which

secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

!. 0oo at the chart below which shows the similarities and differences between the

nervous system and the endocrine system.

Control and coordinate activities in the body

Butually interact in the coordination of responses to stimuli



Coordination +et0een the Ner#o!s $yste" and the Endo*rine $yste" in E"eren*y

$it!ations

1. Coordination between the nervous system and the endocrine system is i")ortant in

)re#entin daner.

2. The dia"ram below shows how the two systems 0or toether.



2. E#a&!atin the e((e*ts o( E-*essi#e Cons!")tion o( A&*oho& on

Body Coordination and Hea&th

________ are chemicals that can alter the functions of the body. ome dru"s are used as

____________ and are usually ____________ by doctors to ____________ . __________

is the use of dru"s for purposes other than medical.

E((e*ts o( Dr! A+!se on Body Coordination

1. ru" abuse has _______________ on __________________ and the

______________

2. The table below shows the main "roups of dru"s and their effects.

;ro!)s o( dr!s

E-a")&es The e((e*ts on +ody *oordination and the ner#o!s

syste"

timulants

epressants

opiates)

$allucino"ens



E((e*ts o( E-*essi#e Intae o( A&*oho&i* Be#eraes

1. 8(cessive intae of alcohol can cause a person to be drun.

2. Alcoholic drins contain ethanol.

!. 8(amples of alcoholic drins are beers, wines and spirits.

. Alcohol slows down the transmission of nerve impulses and affects brain functions.

6. The dia"ram below shows the effects of e(cessive intae of alcohol.

chapter 2 body coordination student's notes 2015

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