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Chapter 2Computer HardwareComputer Concepts 201421Chapter ContentsSection A: Personal Computer BasicsSection B: Microprocessors and MemorySection C: Storage DevicesSection D: Input and Output DevicesSection E: Hardware SecurityChapter 2: Computer Hardware222FastPoll True/False QuestionsAnswer A for True and B for False020100 An all-in-one is a type of desktop computer.020200 Small business computers have better sound and graphics capabilities than home or game computers. 020300 PCs, Macs, and Linux are three computer platforms. 020400 Todays Macs can be configured to run Windows. 020500 Pentium, Core, ARM7, and Athlon are types of microprocessors. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware3323FastPoll True/False QuestionsAnswer A for True and B for False020600 Todays computers typically process 8 bits at a time. 020700 Serial processing is when a processor begins executing one instruction before it completes the previous instruction. 020800 In RAM microscopic electronic parts called capacitors hold the bits that represent data. 020900 ROM is a type of memory that holds the computers startup routine.Chapter 2: Computer Hardware4424FastPoll True/False QuestionsAnswer A for True and B for False021000 Hard disk drives, optical drives, and solid state drives are random access devices.021100 CD-RWs allow you to record data, but data cannot be changed once it is recorded.021200 1080p is a measure of resolution. 021300 A surge strip allows you to use your desktop computer during a power outage.Chapter 2: Computer Hardware5525Section A: PersonalComputer BasicsDesktop Computer SystemsPortable ComputersBuying a ComputerHome, Game, and Small Business SystemsChapter 2: Computer Hardware626Question022100 In the interest of being ecological, many consumers consider upgrading their computers instead of disposing of them and buying a new one. Which one of the following upgrades is best left to professional technicians?A. Replacing the microprocessor with a newer modelB. Adding an external hard drive for backupC. Swapping out a graphics card for a more powerful oneD. Adding RAMChapter 2: Computer Hardware727Desktop Computer SystemsChapter 2: Computer Hardware8A desktop computer fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outletThe main component of a typical desktop computer is a system unit that houses the processor, memory, storage devices, display circuitry, and sound circuitryThe term peripheral device designates input, output, and storage equipment that might be added to a computer system to enhance its functionality 28Desktop Computer Systems

Chapter 2: Computer Hardware92Figure 2-19Desktop Computer SystemsA typical desktop computer system includes several componentsSystem unitKeyboardMouseHard disk driveOptical driveRemovable storageSound systemDisplay systemNetwork and Internet accessPrinterChapter 2: Computer Hardware102Desktop Computer SystemsIn the computer industry, the term form factor refers to the size and dimensions of a component, such as a system board or system unit Chapter 2: Computer Hardware11

2Figure 2-311Portable ComputersA portable computer is a small, lightweight personal computerPortable computer form factors include clamshell styles and slate styles A laptop computer (also referred to as a notebook computer) is a small, lightweight portable computer that opens like a clamshell to reveal a screen and keyboardChapter 2: Computer Hardware12

2Figure 2-412Portable ComputersChapter 2: Computer Hardware13

2Figure 2-513Portable ComputersThree types of computers are available in the slate form factor: enhanced media players, smartphones, and tabletsAn enhanced media player is a handheld device designed for playing music and videos, and offers a camera, access to the Internet, and a variety of appsA smartphone is an enhanced mobile phone that typically also functions as a portable media player and has the capability to access the InternetA tablet computer is a handheld computer that is essentially a large version of an enhanced media player Chapter 2: Computer Hardware142Portable Computers

Chapter 2: Computer Hardware152Figure 2-6 2-715Buying a ComputerBrowse through computer magazines and online computer stores to get a general idea of features and pricesDecide on a budget and stick to itMake a list of the ways you plan to use your computerSelect a platformDecide on a form factorSelect peripherals, software, and accessoriesChapter 2: Computer Hardware16216Buying a ComputerChapter 2: Computer Hardware17

2Figure 2-917Home, Game, and Small Business SystemsToday, the term home computer system encompasses a vast array of computer configurations designed to accommodate consumers who use computers for personal tasks Some of the most cutting-edge computers are designed for gamingComputers marketed for small business applications tend to be middle-of-the-line models pared down to essentialsChapter 2: Computer Hardware18218Section B: Microprocessors and MemoryMicroprocessor BasicsTodays MicroprocessorsRandom Access MemoryROM and EEPROMChapter 2: Computer Hardware19219Question022200 Some computers are suitable for e-mail, word processing, and similar low-key operations, whereas other computers have the power to keep up while you play complex action games, edit high-resolution videos, and prepare multi-track sound recordings. Which of the following computers is the most powerful?A. Intel Core 7 quad-core processor; 48 GB RAMB. AMD Phenom Quad core processor; 4 GB RAMC. Intel Core 2 Quad processor; 2 GB RAMD. ARM7processor; 4 GB RAM

Chapter 2: Computer Hardware20220Microprocessor BasicsA microprocessor is an integrated circuit designed to process instructionsUsually the most expensive component of a computerChapter 2: Computer Hardware21

221Figure 2-15Microprocessor BasicsMicroprocessor clockGigahertzMulticore processorFront side busCPU CacheLevel 1 cache (L1)Level 2 cache (L2)Level 3 cache (L3)Word sizeChapter 2: Computer Hardware22

222Figure 2-16Microprocessor BasicsCISC vs. RISC technologySerial processingPipeliningParallel processingBenchmarksChapter 2: Computer Hardware23

223Figure 2-17Todays MicroprocessorsChapter 2: Computer Hardware24

224Figure 2-19Random Access MemoryRAM (random access memory) is a temporary holding area for data, application program instructions, and the operating systemChapter 2: Computer Hardware25

225Figure 2-20Random Access MemoryMicroscopic capacitors hold the bits that represent dataMost RAM is volatileRequires electrical power to hold dataChapter 2: Computer Hardware26

226Figure 2-21Random Access MemoryRAM capacity is expressed in gigabytesPersonal computers typically feature between 2 GB and 8 GB of RAMIf a program exceeds its allocated space, the operating system uses an area of the hard disk, called virtual memory, to store parts of programs or data files until they are neededChapter 2: Computer Hardware27

2Figure 2-2327ROM and EEPROMROM is a type of memory circuitry that that is housed in a single integrated circuitPermanent and non-volatileEEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)Non-volatile but user-modifiableROM contains a small set of instructions and data called the bootstrap loaderSometimes referred to as the BIOSTells the computer how to access the hard disk, find the operating system, and load it into RAMChapter 2: Computer Hardware28228ROM and EEPROM

Chapter 2: Computer Hardware29229Figure 2-24Section C: Storage DevicesStorage BasicsMagnetic Storage TechnologyOptical Storage TechnologySolid State Storage TechnologyStorage Wrap-upChapter 2: Computer Hardware30230Question022300 Storage devices have varying levels of versatility, durability, speed, and capacity. For a student who owns a computer, but sometimes needs to use computers in the school lab, which storage device is most versatile?A. Hard disk driveB. CD-RC. Solid state driveD. USB flash driveChapter 2: Computer Hardware31231Storage BasicsA storage medium contains dataA storage device records and retrieves data from a storage mediumData gets copied from a storage device into RAM, where it waits to be processedProcessed data is held temporarily in RAM before it is copied to a storage mediumVertical vs. horizontal storageChapter 2: Computer Hardware32

2Figure 2-2532Magnetic Storage TechnologyMagnetic storage stores data by magnetizing microscopic particles on the disk or tape surfaceChapter 2: Computer Hardware33

233Figure 2-26Magnetic Storage TechnologyHard disk technology is the preferred type of main storage for most personal computers Not as durable as many other storage technologiesHead crashChapter 2: Computer Hardware34

234Figure 2-27Optical Storage TechnologyOptical storage stores data as microscopic light and dark spots on the disk surfaceCD, DVD, and Blu-ray storage technologiesChapter 2: Computer Hardware35

235Figure 2-30 and 2-31Optical Storage TechnologyThree categories of optical technologiesRead-only (ROM)Recordable (R)Rewritable (RW)Chapter 2: Computer Hardware36

236Figure 2-32Optical Storage TechnologyCDDADVD-VideoCD-ROMDVD-ROMCD-RDVD+R or DVD-RCD-RWDVD+RW or DVD-RWBD-ROM, BD-R, and BD-REChapter 2: Computer Hardware37237Solid State Storage TechnologySolid state storage technology stores data in an erasable, rewritable circuitryNon-volatileA card reader is a device that reads and writes data on solid state storage Chapter 2: Computer Hardware38

238Figure 2-35Solid State Storage TechnologyA solid state drive (SSD) is a package of flash memory that can be used as a substitute for a hard disk drive A USB flash drive is a portable storage device that plugs directly into a computers system unit using a built-in connectorChapter 2: Computer Hardware39

239Figures 2-36 and 2-37Storage Wrap-upChapter 2: Computer Hardware40

2Figure 2-3840Storage Wrap-upChapter 2: Computer Hardware41

241Figure 2-39Section D: Input and Output DevicesBasic Input DevicesDisplay DevicesPrintersInstalling Peripheral DevicesChapter 2: Computer Hardware42242Question022400 Computer owners usually want to add various peripheral devices to their computers. Suppose you have a notebook computer and you want to add an external hard drive, but youve run out of USB ports. What can you do?A. Use the HDMI port instead.B. Plug directly into the expansion bus.C. Swap in a USB hub for one of the currently connected peripherals.D. Use an Ethernet-to-USB converter.Chapter 2: Computer Hardware43243Basic Input DevicesKeyboardPointing deviceMouseGame controllerTrackpadTouchscreenChapter 2: Computer Hardware44

244Figures 2-40 and 2-41Display DevicesAn LCD display produces an image by filtering light through a layer of liquid crystal cellsGradually, CCFL (cold athode fluorescent lamps) backlighting technology is being replaced by low-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs)Chapter 2: Computer Hardware45

245Figure 2-43Display DevicesScreen sizeDot pitchWidth of viewing angleResponse rateResolutionColor depth

Chapter 2: Computer Hardware46246Figure 2-44Display DevicesChapter 2: Computer Hardware47

247Figure 2-45Display DevicesGraphics circuitry generates the signals for displaying an image on the screenIntegrated graphicsDedicated graphicsGraphics cardGraphics processing unit (GPU)Chapter 2: Computer Hardware48

248Figure 2-46PrintersAn ink-jet printer has a nozzle-like print head that sprays ink onto paperA laser printer uses the same technology as a photocopierChapter 2: Computer Hardware49

249Figure 2-47PrintersChapter 2: Computer Hardware50

2FIGURE 2-4850PrintersDot matrix printers produce characters and graphics by using a grid of fine wiresThe wires strike a ribbon and paperChapter 2: Computer Hardware51

251Figure 2-49PrintersPrinter featuresResolutionPrint speedDuty cycleOperating costsChapter 2: Computer Hardware52Duplex capabilityMemoryNetworkability

252Installing Peripheral DevicesThe data bus moves data between RAM and the microprocessorThe segment of the data bus to which peripheral devices connect is called the expansion busAn expansion slot is a long, narrow socket on the system board into which you can plug an expansion cardExpansion cards are small circuit boards that give the computer additional capabilitiesExpansion slotExpansion portChapter 2: Computer Hardware532Figure 2-4853Installing Peripheral DevicesChapter 2: Computer Hardware54

2Figure 2-5154Installing Peripheral DevicesChapter 2: Computer Hardware55

255Figure 2-52Installing Peripheral DevicesAn expansion port passes data in and out of a computer or peripheral deviceChapter 2: Computer Hardware56

256Figure 2-53Installing Peripheral DevicesMost peripherals connect to an external USB portYou can easily add USB ports to your computer by using a USB hubChapter 2: Computer Hardware57

257Figure 2-54 and 2-55Installing Peripheral DevicesOther kinds of ports

When you connect or disconnect a peripheral device while the computer is operating, you are hot-plugging, a practice thats allowed with USB and FireWire devices Chapter 2: Computer Hardware58

2Figure 2-5658Section E: Hardware SecurityAnti-theft DevicesSurge Protection and Battery BackupBasic MaintenanceTroubleshooting and RepairChapter 2: Computer Hardware59259Question022500 When you treat your computer carefully and perform basic maintenance, you can avoid many hardware problems, However, if you encounter the blue screen of death, what has gone wrong?A. The operating system has encountered an error from which it cannot recover.B. Your computer has contracted a virus.C. Your hard disk is full.D. Your display device has malfunctioned.Chapter 2: Computer Hardware60260Anti-Theft DevicesChapter 2: Computer Hardware61

261Figures 2-58Anti-Theft Devices

Chapter 2: Computer Hardware62262Figures 2-59, 2-60Surge Protection and Battery BackupA power surge is a sudden increase in electrical energy, affecting the current that flows to electrical outletsA surge strip is a device that contains electrical outlets protected by circuitry that blocks surgesA UPS is a device that not only provides surge protection, but also furnishes your computer with battery backup power during a power outageChapter 2: Computer Hardware63263Surge Protection and Battery Backup

Chapter 2: Computer Hardware64264Figures 2-61 and 2-62Basic MaintenanceComputer component failures can be caused by manufacturing defects and other circumstances beyond your controlKeep the keyboard cleanClean your computer screen on a regular basisMake sure fans are free of dustChapter 2: Computer Hardware65265Basic MaintenanceChapter 2: Computer Hardware66

266Figure 2-63 (movie)Troubleshooting and RepairThere are several telltale signs that your computer is in troubleFailure to power upLoud beepBlank screens and/or error messagesBlue screen of deathTroubleshooting and diagnostic toolsSafe ModeChapter 2: Computer Hardware67267Troubleshooting and RepairChapter 2: Computer Hardware68

268Figure 2-68What Do You Think?023100 Have you ever thrown away an old computer or other electronic device?A. YesB. NoC. Not sure203200 Do you research products before you purchase them to find out if they are environmentally friendly throughout their life cycle?A. YesB. NoC. Not sure023300 Would it be fair for consumers to pay a recycling tax on any electronic equipment that they purchase?A. YesB. NoC. Not sureChapter 2: Computer Hardware69269Chapter 2 CompleteComputer Concepts 2014270