The Cycling of Matter

The Cycling of MatterEarth:Matter does not come and go

Earth is aClosedSystemto Matter2Cycles of MatterUnlike the one-way flow of energy, matter is recycled within and between ecosystems.These cycles are the water cycle, Nutrient Cycle, Carbon Cycle, nitrogen cycle and phosphorus cycle.MATTER CYCLES WITHIN ECOSYSTEMSIn any ecosystem, the various organisms depend for survival on other organisms and on their surroundings.

Organisms obtain the matter that they need to build their organic substance form other organisms and from their surroundings. MATTER CYCLES WITHIN ECOSYSTEMSUnlike energy, matter cycles within any ecosystem and is reused.

Matter, such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, continually cycles within an ecosystem.

MATTER CYCLES WITHIN ECOSYSTEMSThese elements are sometimes found in producers and consumers.

At other times these elements are found in non-living components rocks, soil, dissolved in water.

ProducersHerbivoresCarnivoresDecomposersNutrient PoolThe Cycling of Matter7KEY CONCEPT: Matter cycles in and out of an ecosystem.

8Key Concepts

Matter is what all things are made of. By matter we mean: elements (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen) or molecules (water).

Matter is neither created nor destroyed. All matter cycles through the earth cycles.

Key ConceptsBiogeochemical cycles: the movement (or cycling) of matter through a system.

In general we can subdivide the Earth system into the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere.

Biogeochemical cycles are part of the larger cycles that describe the functioning of the whole Earth (not just the surface parts).

Layers of the EarthHydrosphere- water layer. Liquid, Ice, Vapor.Lithosphere- Earths crust and upper mantle. - Fossil fuels, minerals, soil chemicals.Biosphere- biotic & abiotic factors. Why is the biogeochemical used to describe matter cycling through an ecosystem?Two types of biogeochemical cyclesCarbon and nitrogen cycles where the element enters the atmosphere at some point. The atmosphere acts as the major reservoir or store for the element.Phosphorus cycle the element does not enter the atmosphere at any stage. Cycles are more localised. Soil or rocks act as the major store.BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

BIO: Biology. Life. Living things. These cycles all play a role in the lives of living things. The cycles might limit the organisms of Earth or they might happen along side, changing the environment.

GEO: Earth. Rocks. Land. This refers to the non-living processes at work. Oxygen cycles through many systems. It's in you and plants for the 'bio' part of the cycle. Oxygen might also wind up in rocks The 'geo' part of its cycle.

CHEMICAL: Molecules. Reactions. Atoms. All cycles include these small pathways. Complete molecules are not always passed from one point to the next. Sometimes chemical reactions take place that changes the molecules and locations of the atoms. Think about oxidation as an example of the 'chemical' part of these pathways.

To sum it up, these pathways are all made of different biological, geological, and chemical processes that help make the world go 'round and life exist on Earth.

What is biogeochemical?13Generalized Biogeochemical Cycle

14Gave them some visuals heres the whole ball of wax followed by the different piecesBiogeochemical Cycles:Reservoirs & PathwaysAtmosphereHydrosphereLithosphereBiosphere15The Water CycleThe hydrologic, or water cycle is the circular pathway of water on Earth.

precipitationcondensationtranspirationevaporationwater storage in oceansurfacerunofflakegroundwaterseepage16Key terms for the water cycle:Precipitation: moisture that falls to the ground (rain, snow, sleet, hail)Evaporation: changing from liquid to gas (water to water vapor)Transpiration: plants give off water vapor from their leaves to the airCondensation: changing from gas to a liquid (little water droplets form on the outside of a cold glass of lemonade - thats condensation)The Oxygen Cycle1) Plants make food by photosynthesisThey use carbon dioxide (CO2) to make oxygen (O2)2) Animals breathe out carbon by respirationThey use oxygen (O2) and breatheout carbon dioxide (CO2)

By the way humans are animals too

18Example: Oxygen Cycle:

oxygenrespirationcarbondioxidephotosynthesis

III. Carbon CycleCarbon is the building block of life.The carbon cycle moves carbon from the atmosphere, through the food web, and returns to the atmosphere.

Carbon is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels (like oil, gasoline, and coal)20Key ConceptsThe Carbon cycle is one of the most important to humans because it is important to our existence: --one of the primary elements forming human tissues --necessary to plants, the basis of human food and because it is important to the climate system which sets the background for our environment:-- carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) are greenhouse gases which help set global temperatures.

fossil fuelsphotosynthesiscarbon dioxidedissolved in waterdecompositionof organismsrespirationcarbondioxidein airphotosynthesiscombustionrespirationCarbon Cycle: Notice photosynthesis and respiration are back they both involve CO2 (now were looking at the C for carbon)

nitrogen inatmosphereanimalsdenitrifyingbacterianitrifyingbacterianitrifyingbacteriaammoniumammonificationdecomposersplantnitrogen-fixingbacteria in soilnitrogen-fixingbacteria in rootsnitratesnitritesThe Nitrogen CycleThe nitrogen cycle mostly takes place underground.Some bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia through a process called nitrogen fixation.

Some nitrogen fixing bacteria live in nodules on the roots of plants; others live freely inthe soil.23Ammonia released into the soil is transformed into ammonium. Nitrifying bacteria change the ammonium into nitrate.

nitrogen inatmosphereanimalsdenitrifyingbacterianitrifyingbacterianitrifyingbacteriaammoniumammonificationdecomposersplantnitrogen-fixingbacteria in soilnitrogen-fixingbacteria in rootsnitratesnitritesNitrogen moves through the food web and returns to the soil during decomposition.24

geologic upliftingrainweathering ofphosphate from rocksrunoffsedimentationforms new rocksleachingphosphate in solutionanimalsplantsdecomposersphosphatein soilPhosphate CyclePhosphate is released by the weathering of rocks. Phosphorus leachesinto groundwaterfrom the soil andis locked insediments.Both mining andagriculture addphosphorus intothe environment.25Review QuestionsWhat is the key concept of this unit?Define the key terms for the water cycle.What do plants take in and then give out. What do animals take in and give out?How does the carbon cycle move carbon?Where is carbon emitted?Where does the nitrogen cycle take place?What are phosphates released by?

AHA??!!It is the building blocks of life.Matter is ________ within and between ecosystems.It is the circular pathway of water on Earth.It is released by the weathering of rocks.Some bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia through a process called ________ fixation.TRUE or FALSE. Matter is neither created nor destroyed.TRUE or FALSE. Carbon can be emitted through burning of fossil fuels, gasoline and such alike.Three (3) Layers of Earth.AHA??!!It is the building blocks of life.It is the process under the water cycle that releases or falls out after the condensation into the ground.What do plants take in and then give out. What do animals take in and give out?Where is carbon emitted?TRUE or FALSE. Energy can be created or destroyed.TRUE or FALSE. Carbon can also be emitted through humans and animals.They consume dead matter and become a food source returning the matter into the food chain.