Chapter 2

• Earliest (original) US popular forms (18th C)

• Minstrelsy (1840s-80s, and beyond)

• Stephen Foster – 1st US popular composer

• Bands – Brass and other

• Tin Pan Alley – the Sheet Music Industry

• Ragtime (1880s-1910s) – syncopated piano

• Phonograph – modern technology

“Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair”

Ex.: Jeanie With The Light Brown Hair - YouTube

“Jeanie” (p. 3-4)

“Jeanie” (p. 5-6)

Form of “Jeanie”

• Introduction (4 mm)

• “A1” Phrase – (4 mm) incomplete cadence

• “A2” Phrase – (4 mm) modulates to dominant

• “B” Phrase – (4 mm) new melody

• “A3” Phrase – (4 mm) strong cadence in tonic

• Repeat for each new stanza

• Coda

Dance Music & (Brass) Bands

• Social activity for upper classes (& wannabes)

• Balls based in European social practices- formal dress & strict etiquette- pre-selected list of dances (group & couples)

• Dance types include: Cotillion (Promenade), Waltz, Polka, Mazurka, Two-Step, One-Step

• Rural imitations much less formal

Civil War Bands (and After)

“Town Bands”Danville, KY: Advocate-Messenger Brass Band

Allentown (PA) Band(since 1828!)

“Business Bands”

• Professional Concert Bands

• 50+ members (winds, brass & percussion)

• Sousa Band – most famous- John Philip Sousa (US Marine Band)- independent concert band

• Touring Ensemble (US & the World)

• Recording – early cylinders and records(Sousa opposed “mechanical music”)

The Sousa Band

Sousa Band (c. 1900)John Philip Sousa

(1854-1932)

United States Marine Band“The President’s Own”

Band Music Examples• Civil War Brass Band Re-creation – YouTube• Allentown Band Documentary

- Allentown Band - Seg 1 – Introduction - YouTube - Allentown Band - Seg 2 – YouTube- Allentown Band - Seg 3 - YouTube- Allentown Band - Seg 4 – YouTube

• Orlando Concert Band- Orlando Concert Band- "Jingle Celebration" - Orlando Concert Band Brass

• Highlights on DVD World Brass Band Championships 2009 – YouTube

“The Stars and Stripes Forever”• BA2104 Stars and Stripes Forever - Sousa's Band.wmv

– YouTube (Edison Cylinder)

• John Philip Sousa's March, "The Stars and Stripes Forever" – YouTube (US Marine Band)

• Form of SSF:

- Introduction

- 1st Strain (16mm, repeated)

- 2nd Strain (16 mm, repeated)

- Trio w/ “dogfight” (repeat Trio w/ piccolo solo), (repeat “dogfight”), (repeat Trio w/ piccolos & brass countermelody)

“Tin Pan Alley”• Music Publishing

Industry in NYC (28th St)• Music as commodity

- for home use- sold everywhere

• Public performances- Music Halls- Vaudeville

• “Song Pluggers”

Sheet Music

• 1st “mega-hit”• Charles K. Harris (1892)• J Aldrich Libby sang in

A Trip to Chinatown• Verse (tells the story)• Chorus (repeats exactly)• Examples

- Charles K. Harris - After the Ball – YouTube (c. 1920s)- After The Ball - Joan Morris (mezzo-soprano) with William Bolcom (piano) [Text, p. 59-61]

“Ragtime” (c. 1896-1918)• Origins in imitations of

Af-Am styles & rhythms• “Coon Songs”• Use of syncopation

- regular beat in LH (bass)- shifting accents in RH (melody)

• Sectional form (like a march)• Emulated by white

composers, e.g., Irving Berlin• Ex. HQ - Piano - "All Coons Look Alike

to Me" – YouTube• Ex. Alexander's Ragtime Band Columbia

A1032 - YouTube

Ernest Hogan (1865-1909)

Scott Joplin1867/8-1917

• Leading Composer of Ragtime• Pianist in St. Louis & Midwest• “Ragged” style (influences of)

- improvisation- brass bands

• “Maple Leaf Rag” (1898)• Sheet music & player piano rolls• Ex. Maple Leaf Rag Played by

Scott Joplin - YouTube

Phonograph• Emile Berliner invents (c. 1887)• Enrico Caruso (opera singer)

- Discs sold in US (c. 1904)• Chief form of home consumption• Technology unchanged to 1980s• Nickelodeons (5¢ a play)• Juke Boxes (see next slide)• Ex. Emile Berliner History of the

Gramophone Phonograph New Version – YouTube

• Ex.Emile Berliner Record 1895 - Sidewalks of New York - George J. Gaskin Victor II Gramophone – YouTube

• “Schizophonia”

Juke Boxes

Wurlitzer (1940s)

Rock-ola (1930s-40s)

Seeburg (1950s)

SeeburgWall-omatic