chapter 2 indian textile and readymade garment...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 2
Indian Textile and Readymade Garment sector
.:. History of Textiles: -
History of textiles is as old as human civilization. In India the entry of silk was introduced
in 400AD and spinning of cotton was started in 3000BC. In China spin silk method was
initiated at 2640 BC. In Egypt the art of spinning linen and weaving developed in 3400
BC.
The innovation of machines and their processing was started between 18th and 19th
centuries. At that time, discoveries of various synthetic fibers like nylon had been
started. On the basis of that market become very huge. Moreover, different arts and
designs of textile were spreading with the help of facilities like transportation and
communication .
• :. World's Textile Industry: -
At the end of 1980s the top four garment exporters in the world were Hong Kong, Italy,
Korea, and Taiwan. That time US, EU, China, India etc. countries were not on the chart.
To observe some major changes in world's textile industry, some of the best examples
are given below,
The United States and the EU together imported more than 70% of world's clothing
imports in 1996. In the year 1996 United States and the EU imported clothing worth
$43.3 billion and $80.9 billion respectively.
International exports of textiles and readymade garments increases up to US $300
billion per year, in which one third percent is contributed by developing countries. While,
today China is the largest exporter in the world. Other developing countries such as
India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, etc. are producing
readymade garments in particular quantity.
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In 2004, out of total consumption maximum world consumption of clothing and textiles
was carried out by US and EU that was 64% and 39% respectively. Among all, only US
has consumed US$ 15 billion and is growing at 5% per year. Generally, it has been
obselVed that countries like Japan, Australia and New Zealand have consumed
significant market of the home textile.
The global textile and clothing industry in 2006 was worth US$ 4,395 billion, with
clothing accounting for 60% of the market and textiles the remaining 40% respectively.
Global trade in textile and clothing is currently at US$ 356 billion and is expected to
grow to US$ 600 billion by 2010 .
• :. Indian Textile Industry: -
Indian textile tradition is one of the oldest traditions in the world. In Rigveda many
philosophers had also enlightened about textiles and weaving. Ramayana and
Mahabharata also described Indian classic garment stories. The traditional stories
portrayed that landlords used to wear stylist and rich garments where as common
people worn simple and ordinary clothes.
All over the world Indian textile industry is considered to be the second largest industry.
In India, cotton terrain is accounted to be of 9 million hectares and is considered to be
the third largest producer of fiber. The growth of Indian textile industry is due to the
following factors: -
• Easy availability of raw materials like cotton and silk
• Highly spread social customs
• Variety of distinct local culture
• Favorable geographic and climatic conditions
Indian textile industry contributes significantly in the total world export market. In our
export basket some items have their important share such as cotton yarn and fabrics,
man-made yarn and fabrics, wool and silk fabrics, readymade garments etc. Countries
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like USA, EU member states, Canada, U.A.E., Japan, Saudi Arabia, Republic of Korea,
Bangladesh, Turkey etc. are the major importers of Indian textile goods.
Textile industry is divided in various segments as follows,
- Readymade garments Industry
- Cotton Industry
- Woolen Industry
- Silk Industry
- Jute Industry
- Man-made Industry
- Handloom and Handicraft Industry
• Cotton Industry: -
Cotton is the major fabric used in the Indian textile industry. It is assumed that textile
companies spend 60% money behind production of cotton textiles. Moreover, in India
spinning mill produces 75% cotton textiles. India is among the world's largest producers
of cotton. Approximately, Indian farmers spend 9 million hectares only for crop of cotton.
In last five years India's cotton production is increased by 57%. It is very hard to believe
that during 2005-06, exports of cotton were amounted to US$ 4.49 billion. It was
increased by 26.78% than the period of 2004-05·
• Wool Industry: -
In India, initially wool production was carried out by Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan.
Today compared to the other states, only these three states are producing more than 75
percent wool. There are more than 700 registered units in this sector and more than
7000 powerlooms units working in this sector. The Woolen industry provides
employment to approximately 1.2 million people.
Woolen industries are also giving good business to India. In the year of 2004-05, India
had exported US$ 0.42 billion woolen garments to all over the world this was 23.4
percent more than 2003-04. While at the end of 2005-06, total woolen exported were
US$ 0.47 billion that was 13.63 percent more than 2004-05. During the first quarter of
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2006-07, the woolen textile exported was amounted to US$ 0.114 billion, which was
11.96 percent more over than the 2004-05.
• Silk Industry: -
India is the second largest producer of silk in the world. The value of silk fabrics
produced in India in 2002-2003 was over US$ 1.78 billion. India also exported over US$
190 million of silk goods and over US$ 357 million of silk yarn, fabrics and made-ups.
Since the exports of hand loom products are growing up, it encourages the demand of
silk also.
During 2004-05, India had exported US$ 0.59 billion, which was 9 percent more than
2003-04. In 2005-06, India had exported US$ 0.69 billion this was 16.37 percent more
than 2004-05. It was also estimated that during the first quarters 2006-07, silk exported
was amounted to US$ 0.165 billion, which improved 4.23 percent compared to the
2005-06.
• Jute Industry: -
Jute industries have occupied an important place in the Indian economy. Jute industries
spread mostly in eastern region, particularly in West Bengal. It supports nearly 4 million
farming families. Moreover, nearly 2,60,000 industrial workers get employment through
this business.
In the year 2004-05, export figure was US$ 0.276 billion, which was more than 14%
compared to 2003-04. During the year of 2005-06, export of jute was amounted to US$
0.295 billion, recording an increase of 6.64% was observed compared to 2004-05.
During the first quarter of 2006-07, total export was US$ 0.065 billion.
• Man-made Industry: -
In 2004-05, India had exported man-made textile of US$ 2.05 billion this was more than
12.6% compared to 2003-04. In 2005-06, this industry has earned more than US$ 2
billion. However, in this first quarter of 2006-07, export business of man-made textile
had earned US$ 0.52 billion, which is more than 13.15% than the 2005-06. '
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• Handloom and Handicraft Industry: -
The hand loom sector is based on Indian traditional crafts. Through this business 7.5
million people gets employment in which 13 percent people get employment through
cloth production. According to India government, during the first quarter of 2006-07
India had exported US$ 1.25 billion handloom products, which is 25.70% more than
2005-06
India has been doing highest production in loomage [including handloomsJ. India's
contribution in world loomage is 61 %. In the world production of fibers and yarns India
has contributed 12%. Indian products of handicrafts and hand looms are exported in
more than hundred countries.
Indian textile has covered different positions such as, it is the largest producer of jute,
second largest producer of silk, third largest producer of cotton and fifth largest
producer of synthetic fibers and yarns.
Readymade garments have contributed largely in Indian textile industry business.
Without clothing segments textile sector is known as technical textiles. Some of the
examples of technical textiles are bed sheets, filtration and abrasive, thermal protection
blood absorbing materials, seatbelts, and other products and applications. Technical
textiles require costly machinery and skilled workers.
Indian textiles were popular in prehistoric world therefore India had numerous trade
links with the outside world. Indian silk was very popular in Rome in the early centuries
of the Christian era. During the 13th century, silk fabrics from south India were exported
to Indonesia. India had also exported printed cotton fabrics or chintz (cotton cloth,
usually printed with flowery patterns, that has a slightly shiny appearance) in European
countries. The British East India Company had also done business of Indian cotton and
silk, including the very famous Dacca muslins (a very thin cotton material).
Manufacturing of Muslins was done in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Indian patterns,
designs, materials are very popular in the world. Moreover, our old weaving technology
still gives the employment to our workers.
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Companies of textiles are making different fabrics with the help of dissimilar ideas and
skills. Indian designers and suppliers are improving their skills and designing different
garments for different markets. Fashion designers and experts make fabric according to
current trend and choice of buyer. Using the different techniques and keen craftsmen,
designers can create extremely elegant fabrics. Such techniques are very popular in
modem textile markets viz. lace making, patchwork, run making, spinning, weaving,
tapestry, batik, tie dyeing etc. Indian fashion industries and Indian fashion designers are
getting fame and prestige on intemational stage. Moreover, some international brands
like Levis, Wal-mart, JC Penny, Gap, Marks and Spencer and other industries are
sourcing more and more garments and fabrics from India. Viz. 'Alone Wal-Mart' had
purchased products of $200 millions and they develop the plan to increase buying up to
$3 billions in the coming years.
In last five years government invested Rs. 50,000 crore in the textile industry. Nine
major textile industries devoted RS.2600 crore and prepare to spend another RS.6400
crore. Indian govemment would provide Rs. 1,057 crore for building textile parks.
Government sanctioned 30 projects for textiles. Furthermore, to provide a motivation of
textile sector Indian government has taken initiatives and included new plans in the year
of 2007-08. Government prepared different schemes such as to attract foreign
investment companies they made different promotion plans, to give acceptability of
Indian product in outside of India they took public-private partnership approach, built
trade facilitation centers, create fashion hubs for Indian fashion industry, etc. for the
development of textile industry.
Though there are many countries which manufacture and exports fabrics in different
markets, but Indian textiles industry had established their own place in global market.
Indian fabrics are available in cheap price because productions of fabrics in very wide
range in India. In the textiles sector India has different variety like garments, Bed Linen,
Curtains, designer Shoes etc. Experts are using different techniques for making
Bandhni, Batik print, Block print, hand bock etc. Indian textiles industry does not have a
magnificent past but it is also improving according to modern era.
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The Indian textile industry is one of the largest and most important sector in the
economy, in term of output, foreign exchange earnings and employment. It contributes
20 percent of industrial production, 9 percent of excise collections, and 18 percent of
employment in industrial sector, approximately 20 percent to the country's total export
earning and 4 percent to the GOP .
• :. Strength of Indian Textiles: -
• Low costs: -
Compared to other countries in India raw material costs, wastage and labour are
significantly lower. According to the recent analysis India's labour cost [total
employment cost for labour across industries] is lowest (2.024 Euro) in the world.
• Manufacturing flexibility: -
Indian textile industry has created flexibility in production, with the help of industrial
structure and small average scale of operation. Moreover, Indian firms have skillful
manpower with the ability and willingness to work on complex designs. Only for that
India has the capability to produce large, small and complex orders.
• Favorable demand conditions: -
Indian consumers have become more aware about the readymade garments. The
purchasing power of consumers is increasing day by day. Domestic markets are
highly affected with the changes on the demand. This type of changes provides
large opportunity to producers, wholesalers and retailers.
• Strong presence of related and supporting industries: -
Many large companies and group of textile industries provide constant help to small
textile companies. They are providing input and output goods, which are essential
for each industry.
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• Textile machinery: -
Indian textile industry has tremendous engineers. Our engineers are able to make
good machines as compared to other nations. Indian manufacturers have
sophisticated machines, which have higher speed and more production capacity.
• Industry competition: -
Because of high competition, companies produce innovative and large number of
products. Moreover, it improves the quality of product with lower range. It is good for
the customer because they will get various and qualitative products at lower price.
According to 11M (indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad), indian textile industries
have some minus points, such as:-
Long manufacturing and delivery time. lojJ3<
Competition and conflict between small, medium and large players.
Use of supply chain is poor.
Control process is defective.
Usage of outdated technology.
Weaker research and development process.
Indian textile firms are giving 10 hours training to experience workers, on the
other side Chinese textile firms are giving 70 hours training.
Textile and readymade garment sector are facing some other problems like:-
In India textile business is highly affected by unfavorable policy.
Market size of textile industry is very big. So, manufacturer and retailer are also
not sure about the market. This happens only because of split and unorganized
market. Companies consider only those data's which is available.
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--------------------- ~-
.:. Import and Export of Indian Textiles: -
Indian exports in 1998-99 were approximately $106.54 million that were increased in
1999-2000 to $112.60 million. Figure 8 indicates yearly export (2002 to 2007) of Indian
textile and garments in all over the world. It is clear from the figure that in 2002 India's
total export was $11.6 billion. The Indian textile exports have augmented from $ 12.45
billion in 2002-03. India had been doing export of US$ 14.5 billion in 2004 in which 6
billion was accumulated by readymade garments. In 2005 export of textile and apparel
was decreased and reach at US$ 14 billion. But in the year of 2006 it again grew app.
3% and reached at the position of US$ 17.1 billion. In the present year (2007) Indian
export of textile and apparel is app. US$ 18.4 billion.
Today textile sector covers about 30% of total export. Ideally by 2010, figure of exports
will be reaching to $50 billion and from that 50% will be exported to United States. Rest
of the 50% exports will divided to different countries like UK, Germany, Russia, Italy,
Canada, Bangladesh, Japan, UAE and other big countries. Expectedly India's share in
world's textile trade will be increasing from 4% to 8% till 2010. The exports of textile and
garment are predicted to grow at a rate of 22% between 2007 and by 2012 it will be
reaching out at $ 55 billion. In India the total investment in textile industry was around
Rs. 64,478 crore in 2004-07, which is expected to reach out Rs. 150,600 crore by 2012. r------------------------------------------------.
India's textile and apparel exports I
20 USSbn 18.4
18 17.1 ,--
,--16
14.5 - 14.0
14 13.4 -,-12 11.6
,--
10
8 FY-02 FY-03 FY-04 FY-OS FY-06 FY-07P I
------------------------------------------- ______ 1
Figure 8: India's textile and apparel exports [Source: eLSA Asia-Pacific Markets,
Ministry of Textile}
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The global trade of textile and clothing products will be growing at 8%. As per the
provisional data of Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics
(DGCI&S) Kolkata, in April-June 2006, growth of textile exports was 15.59% in dollar
terms and of 20.54% in rupee terms, which is more than previous year [Analysis of
exports of textile items]. In 2002 Indian share was $ 353 billion and it would increase to
$ 655 billion in 2010. It is expected that Indian textile industry will be increasing at 9 to
10% and it will get the level of $115 billion by 2012.
Indian textile industry is the largest industry in terms of employment economy. Indian
textile sector provides approximately 33% employment (approximately 15 million
people) in India. It would be expected that 12 million jobs will be generated near by
2010. Indian govemment also predicted that by 2012, 17.37 million jobs will be
generated in which 12.02 million will be direct and 5.35 million will be indirect
employment. It will be a massive opportunity for the people who divert from agriculture
to industry. The textile sector has a direct link with the rural and urban agricultural
activities. Mostly crafts are being provided by such as cotton, wool, silk, handicrafts,
hand looms etc. through the fiber crops. When the crop gets developed the employment
opportunity will be created. Millions of farmers and crafts persons in rural and semi
urban areas are eaming money through textile business. It has been estimated that one
out of every six households in the country depends directly or indirectly on this
business. For that, experts have suggested that, govemment should developed right
marketing channels, by which the farmers may get enough share of profit.
.:. Readymade garments: -
Clothes are being used by people everyday. Clothes can transmit the person's mood,
value, identity, and attitude. Person's identity is communicated by his/her clothing,
because it shows the social position of the wearer to both the wearer and the perceiver.
Damhorst emphasized that clothing was a systematic means of getting transmission,
information about the wearer, meaning that multiple messages might be sent to the
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perceiver. Clothing is not measured only as body protection or decoration but proves to
be a useful communication tool, in human interactions.
Recently, the concept of 'readymade garment' has become more popular than in the
olden days. In the olden days people only knew traditional or self made clothes. Lower
class people were used to stitch there clothes own self where as, upper class people
used personal tailor for stitching.
In recent time buying readymade garment is more economical than stitching the
material. Buyers prefer more readymade garment than material because in stitching
material, tailors take too much time and money, as well as much variety is not exported
from them .
• :. History of Readymade Garments: -
According to archaeologists and anthropologists, the earliest clothing was probably
made by fur, leather, leaves or grass and other things. The clothes had been primarily
used for body protection. In 1988, archeologists have identified very early sewing
needles made in 30,000 BC, found from near Kostenki, Russia.
Anthropologists Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser and Mark Stoneking, Max Planck from the
institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, have conducted one genetic analysis of human
body lice which shows that they originated about 107,000 years ago. Since that time
human has very less hair, and body lice required clothing to survive. By using similar
genetic method second group of researcher estimated that body lice originated about
540,000 years ago. Moreover, researchers are also not clear about the date when
clothes were made first time.
In US Mayor George Opdyke started the first clothing manufacturing unit in 1831.
People of US purchased the clothes not only for an individual use but also for their
families. In 1832, the first shirt factory was established in New York. After the invention
of power loom machines, production of garment increased on huge scale. From that day
garment industry showed steady improvement. And at present, majority of the people of
the United States purchase readymade garments.
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One approach for garment is that, it is being used only to cover the body. For instance,
India men wore Dhoti and women wore saree to wrap the body. The clothes were very
simple. It may be tide up with the pins or belts. The other approach involved cutting and
sewing of the clothes. In which tailor may cut the pieces from one corner of the cloth
and then add them in other place. In Europe this approach had been used in olden
days .
• :. Readymade Garments in India: -
In India the business of readymade garment began in the early 1950s. It was the time
when different brands like Liberty shirts, Groversons innerwear and Zodiac ties
launched the concept of brands and readymade garments. Similarly, during this period
Indian entrepreneurs entered in the export business.
Nowadays in India 77,000 readymade garments units are working. These units are
divided in different zones like domestic manufacturers, manufacturer exporters and
fabricators (subcontractors). Comparing with other countries, the growth of Indian
readymade market is still in a budding phase. New foreign players are coming in the
Indian market while domestic players have no fear of any outside competition. The main
barrier in Indian market is the huge unorganized part of the market. To give good fight
to the foreign player's domestic marketers should develop specific strategy and should
try to improve the quality of garments. Textile players can easily launch a new product
with the help of inherent power. The garment companies are very different to each other
for instance, in size, production capacity, manufacturing facility, types of garments, cost,
quality and quantity, etc. Hence, readymade garment is available for the domestic and
export both markets .
• :. Import and Export of Indian Readymade garments: -
In the readymade garments sector some products become very popular on world level.
In different popular products Jerseys, Men's trousers, T-shirts, Women's trousers,
Shirts, Dresses and Skirts, Blouses, Overcoats, Underwear and Jackets have involved.
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Out of all this products, trading of Jerseys is highest and business of Jackets is lowest
in all over the world.
In India export of Women's dresses and suits, Men's woven shirts, Women's woven
tops, T-shirts and Knitted shirts are very high. India's exports Women's dresses and
suits more than any other products.
India exports majority garments in countries like USA, EU member states, U.A.E.,
Japan, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Hong Kong, Switzerland and Australia. In India different
places like Ludhiana, Tirupur, Delhi, Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai and Gujarat are the
major centers for garment production.
Figure 9: Most traded product categories [Source: KSA- Technopak, Raghav Gupta]
The readymade garment sector donates approximately 45% in India's total textile
exports. India's plunge in readymade garment market started in the early 80s at the
time of liberalization. When Indian economy had been reformed in early 90s garment
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f
business gained force. Moreover, in the last two decades Indian readymade garment
business was detained to the tenth position in the world.
Readymade garments are India's leading and fastest growing exports products. Till
1994 India's share of world readymade garment was not too high. It was just because of
slowdown import growth of India's major markets, viz. United States and the EU.
The exports of ready made garments, was about 253.6 million pieces, (valued at US$
826.5 million) during January-February 2002. It has increased in quantitative terms to
306.1 million pieces, (valued at US$ 1137.9 million) up by 20.07% in quantity and by
37.68% in value terms, during January-February 2003, compared to same period last
year.
During the year 2004-05, it was estimated that India has exported readymade garment
up to US$ 6 billion which was increased to 4.1 compared to the year 2003-04. During
2005-06 India's total exports was US$ 7.75 billion, which were 28.69 more than the year
2004-05. During the first quarter of 2006-07, the exports of readymade garment were
US$ 2.17 billion that is 15.70 percent over than 2005 .
• :. Indian Style in Textiles and Garments: -
In the world, India is differentiated for its textile designs and manufacturing techniques.
Style of fabrics is depends upon the state's location, climatic, culture, transportation etc.
Number of individual's work on the stream of textile.
In India each and every states is famous for certain specific type of textiles. Our hilly
regions like Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and northeastern parts are popular for its
qualitative woolen fabrics. States like Gujarat and Rajasthan are admired for its
embroidery work. South is well known for its cotton and silk fabrics.
In our country, each state has their different style and tradition. Some best examples
are given below,
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• Indian weaving is very popular in all around the world since many years. Various
states such as Assam, Bananas, Mysore, Surat, and Kanchipuram are the
important centers for silk weaving. All the centers are most popular for its silk and
cotton saris. Each type of sarees depicts arouses the different impression of
Indian tradition like Banarasi, Patola, Baluchari, Pochampalli, Paithani etc.
• In India states like Gujarat and Kutchh is well known for its bright color fabrics.
• Punjab is very famous for its phulkari work and 'Lucknow' is popular for its chikan
work.
Hand Printing:-
Hand printing is considered to be India's special textile technique that is done all over
India. Main cotton printing centers in India are Gujarat and Rajasthan. In this hand
painting usually alizarin, indigo and vegetable colors are used. Various methods of
printing such as direct printing resist printing and screen-printing are practiced in our
country.
Batik: -
It is believed that this technique is 2000 years old. Batik technique is neither art or nor
craft. In this technique resist printing is used. In the process, first cloth is painted with
molten wax and then dyed with colors. After that the cloth is washed with hot water. At
the end of the process molten wax is removed and the design or pattern emerges. In
this technique patterns can be distinguished easily but outlines are not clearly defined.
Mordants: -
Other popular method in the printing process is 'Mordants'. In this method, cloth is tied
up and dipped in the dye. After that cloth is washed with water and allowed to dry in the
sun and the colors develop. Then the untreated parts of the cloth are removed with local
ingredients.
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In Rajasthan, Jaipur, Sanganer, Bagroo, Apli and Barmer and in Gujarat, Mandvi,
Dhamardhka, Mundra, Anjar, Jamnagar, Surrendranagar, Jaitpur, Ahmedabad, Baroda
and Deesa are main centers of printing attires. In Delhi, marketers store printed fibers
and supply in local as well as foreign markets. In Utter Pradesh, Farukhabad is a
printing center and it produces bed sheets, curtains and hangings of export quality.
Embroidery: -
Folk embroidery is always associated with the Indian women. It is a form of women's
self-impression. They create designs or pattern, which are connected with their village,
culture, nature, religion etc. Women do embroidery work not only for their self but they
make different clothes for their husband, children and family members also. Rural
people compose design of different animals, birds and plants. In the Kutchh, 'Rabaris'
[name of cast) create on of the finest embroidery pieces for their camel. The Mutwa'
Women of 'Kutchh' have their peculiar style in this work. The women have made
embroidery fibers and pieces with stylist motifs and mirrors and this work requires lots of
specific skills.
In Gujarat, Saurashtra plays a significant role in the embroidery work. Saurashtra is well
known for its 'Heer' embroidery, the bold geometric pattern that is made on silk. People
of Gujarat and Rajasthan use the embroidery pieces during festivals, marriages and
other important functions and occasions.
Bagh and Phulkari embroidery of Punjab is very famous for lovable and it is a laborious
work. Phulkari embroidery does not cover full part of material but it covers only the
important parts of the garments. In Himachel Pradesh, people of hilly area are skillfully
doing double side embroidery known as 'Chamba Rumal'. Bihar is also famous in
embroidery work. The Kasuti embroidery, stitches based work of Karnataka is very
famous in the world.
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Bead Works: -
For producing noticeable lines in embroidery, transparent and semi transparent beads
are used. This tradition was started in the 19th century. For making chaklas, door
hangings, belts, pot covers and other variety, craft men use different types of beads,
needles and threads.
Woolen weaves: -
In the world, Kashmir is famous for its 'Shawls' and other woolen clothes. Different and
excellent designs and fabulous work are the strength of its textiles. The workers of
Kashmir have expertise in weaving and making woolen clothes. Kashmiri work is very
renowned in different countries also. Kani shawl is very popular and it available in single
color, whereas in double color, Pashmina gets number one position. Other shawl such
as Santoosh is well known for its softness and Dhussa men's shawl is popular for its
woven border and embroidery work .
• :. Different Regions of India: -
• Gujarat:-
Gujarat is known as 'Manchester of the East'. The
affiliation of Gujarat and textile industry is very old.
Many regions of the Gujarat state have contributed
in the garments and fabrics. The fabric 'Tie and Dye'
is typically known as 'Bandhni' or 'Bandhej' in
Gujarat. This Gujarati product has become very
popular all over the world. The term 'Bandhni' was
consequents from Hindi word 'Bandhan', which
means 'tying'. Regions like Jamnagar, Mandvi, Bhuj
and Anjar are particularly very famous in crafting of
'Bandhni'. The 'Bandhni' of these regions are
different from other regions because of their designs
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and craftsmanship. Jamnagar Bandhni is made by special type of silky materials. Initial
designs of 'Bandhni' was introduced only for sarees but, later on 'Bandhni' design was
also being used in kurta-pajama, tops, bed sheets and other things. Kutchh produces
the finest Bandhnis in India. 'Khatri' community of Gujarat is prominent for their fine
quality dyeing.
The other specialty of in Gujarat is in sarees known as 'Gharchola sarees'. This saree is
generally used in marriage event. Bride wears 'Gharchola saree' at the time of wedding.
Normally, silk and zari threads are used in this saree. 'Patola' saree is also one of the
popular patterns of in sarees and it is one of the specialty of Gujarat. In the weaving of
Patola some traditional patterns like leaves, flowers, parrots, dancing girls etc. are used.
Originally, bride wears Pato/a saree at the time of marriage. But, nowadays Patola and
Bandhni are available in different range and in different stuff. Therefore, women wear
these sarees in different function and in routine also.
In the Ahmedabad, recently government has opened a new 'Apparel Park'. The fabrics
produced by experts of AL T college are displayed here. Moreover, they give training to
other people also. Approximately 1 lakh women will get jobs in different segments.
Government provides 38 hectares land to four cloth mills, but on the initial base they
allotted 20 hectares. Lately, 27 companies have already purchased land in this park and
many major companies have show keen interest in investing there. All units in the part
will produce apparel and garments. Analysts predict that apparel export of the state will
increase and reach around Rs. 4000 crore. This mission will generate 1 lakh job
opportunity for the women.
• Rajasthan:-
Rajasthan is famous for its 'Kota doria' sarees. It is basically made up to pure cotton but
nowadays they are available in silk and synthetic materials also. The main characteristic
of Kota doria saree is the checks that are made during the weaving process. The saree
is available in three different types called Plain Kota, Printed Kota and Zari Kota. In
Plain Kota doria sarees, the checks are formed by either gold or by common cotton's
but, sometime self or woven designs are also used in this attire. Printed Kota doria
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sarees are generally available in white and offwhite
background and it is famous for its sanganeri patterns.
Traditionally, this sarees have 3 to 4 inch border in the
pallu and remaining part is printed with either single
designs or jails. Zari Kota doria sarees have broad Zari
border in the pallu of maximum 6 inches. Work of pallu
and border is the same and in the remaining part some
Zari buttis are attached. This saree is very famous and
it is called summer special saree in Rajasthan.
In Rajasthan, Jodhpur, Jaipur and Sikar are remarkable centers of textiles industry. In
sikar, one of the finest Bandhanis are made. Sarees called Lahriya and Mothra is
Rajasthan's specialty. In this type, opposite sides of saree are pulled and rolled
together. Then it is tied and dyed in different colors and different patterns and designs
are made over them. Mothra is made by undergoing the same process but sarees ends
are opposite compared with Lahriya. This is made only in Jaipur and Jodhpur. 'Rajputs'
the cast of Rajasthan is famous in making Lahriya, with special technique.
• Maharashtra:-
Maharashtra is a constantly developing
state of India. Maharashtra is popular for its
textiles. 'Marathas' expanded their capacity
in the textile industry after they succeeded
the Mughals. That time they adopted
'Islamic' fashions. But, they had great
respect for the traditional 'Hindu Garment'
and from that time textile stream developed
in Maharashtra.
Different centers of the state are famous for their fabrics. In Maharashtra, there is one
city known as 'Paithan', which is famous for its Paithani and Asavali saris. Paithani is
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one of the costliest high quality silken gold embroidered textiles, which is also known as
'Mahavsatra'. Other places of this states such as Aurangabad is famous for the himroo
[made by mixed silk and cotton] and 8alapur and Sangamner are popular for the
Chandrakala saris. Ahmednagar produces all the type of cotton. Dharwad from
Maharastra is well known for 'Dharwadi saris'.
• North India: -
The northen region of India is one of the most beautiful region of India. North India is
one of the biggest sources of fine textile and garments. This part of India is especially
famous for its 'hand weaving' clothes, which is made up from cotton, wool and silk.
Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir are very famous for its
light and soft fabrics. Several products like safa, dastar, pagri, dhoti, shawl etc. are
mostly produces in this part of India.
Kashmir is famous for its Kashida embroidery work.
Leaf, lotus, almonds, cone etc different motifs are
carved in the Kashida work. Kani shawl is very
popular for its different and extraordinary work. The
specialty of this shawl is that many workers prepare
different pieces of it and after that they joint it all
together. In Aini-Akbari, written at the time of Akbar, it
has been mentioned that during 18th century
merchants used to come to purchase these shawl
from allover the world. It was also mentioned that the
weight of a single shawl was more than of gold. Craft
men face many difficulties at the time of weaving.
There is one technique to check the reality of shawl
and that is to check the backside of shawl and to
notice whether it is in joint pieces or whole one.
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Kashmiri people have expertise in Embroidery work. The double-sided shawl known as
Dorukha is one of the best example of embroidery. The design and idea of weaving is
very fabulous that no one can predict the right and the wrong side.
Kullu, Mandi and Chamba are 'shawls' producing areas of Himachal Pradesh. The
Santoosh shawls are made up of special wool. The wool, which is used in the shawl, is
taken from the underside of the wild Pashima goats. First they collect, they sort and
spun the wool and then experts weave it. The shawl is very light and exceptionally
warm.
• South India:-
South India is known for its beauty. South
Indian silk is famous all over the world. In
south India the town Kanchi is well known
for its silk industry and temples. In
Kanchi, there is a huge production of silk
sarees called as the 'Kanchipuram saree'.
Kanchipuram town is known as 'Silk City'
because :y.,th population of Kanchi town is
dependent on this business. South Indian
bride is incomplete with out Kanchipuram saree. Kanchipuram sarees are becoming
very famous not only in India but also all over the world. Kanchipuram sarees are woven
by using 'mulberry silk'. Kanchipuram sarees are available in many colors. The specialty
of this saree is, that saree is made by golden weaving and it has border and 'Pallu' in
contrast color. A traditionally, Kanchipuram saree has simple golden lines and golden
dots. The designs of Kanchipuram sarees are inspired by the designs of South Indian
temples or natural elements. Now days, Kanchipuram sarees are available in different
designs and works. The latest trend in the sarees is using antique paintings and the
images of gods and goddesses in the 'Pallu'. In original, silk sarees are made
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differently. The 'Pallu' and other part (body) of saree is woven separately and then
jointed together.
Varanasi is well known center for silk production. Originally, Varanasi is famous for its
cotton weaving. Silk weaving started for producing sarees and dhotis. With the time,
demand of silk products increased and weavers made different patterns and it become
the famous silk center.
West Bengal is famous for its Jamdani sarees. Twisted yarn is deeply woven together
and therefore the life of the saree is long lasting. Nowadays this pattern is also made by
weavers of Varanasi and Tanda. This pattern is the specialty of the cotton centers,
which are located in Andhra, Manipur and Tamilnadu.
The Ilikal sarees of Karnataka and Narayanpet sarees of Andhra are made by dark
colors. The specialty of Ilikal is that the weavers use natural dark blue color in the
dyeing process. Andhra is known for its Gadwal and Wanaparti cotton based sarees. In
Gadwal and Wanaparti sarees checks design is being used. The color of checks and
border are contrast and the borders are made up of with silk material whereas Pallu is
made up of gold. Nander is famous for its fine quality cotton sarees that is produce by
using gold thread and silk border.
Tamilnadu has their own style in the sarees. Main centers of the states are
Kanjeevaram, Salem, Pudukottai and Madurai. Coinbatore is famous for its cotton
sarees, which are less expensive and available with Chanderi patterns .
• :. Indian Textiles and Garments Companies: -
Raymond: -
Incorporated in 1925, the Raymond Group is a US$ 300 million plus conglomerate
having businesses in textiles, readymade garments, engineering files & tools, etc. The
group is the leader in textiles, apparel, files and tools in India and enjoys a pronounced
position in the international market. Raymond is leading company in suits and in fabrics.
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Raymond Textile produces pure wool, wool blended and polyester viscose fabrics and
blankets along with furnishing fabrics. Raymond believes in excellence, quality and
leadership. Raymond is a world third largest integrated company in the world.
The denim division produces high quality ring denims. Company decided to expand
their denim manufacturing capacity in 2005. They wanted to manufacture 10,000 pairs
of jeans per day. The company spends Rs. 211 crore, behind the increasing
manufacturing capacity of suits, formal and trouser wear.
Raymond has different brands like Colorplus, Parx, Park Avenue, Manzoni etc. In those
brands Colorplus fits in the premium-casual category. Whereas, brand like 'Parx' fit in
mid-price casual wear segment. Other two other brands like Park Avenue and Manzoni
is segmented in high and premium formal wear segment. Raymond's acquired
Colorplus to jump in casual-wear, adding brands like Raymond's, Parx and Park
Avenue. Opting the similar strategy, Indian Rayon acquired garments division of Madura
Coats, 'Madura Garments' and entered the luring apparels market with the successful
brands like Van Heusen, Allen Solly, Peter England and Louis Philippe.
In India, Raymond is expended their retail capacity day by day. By the end of 2006,
Raymond started about 40 stores in the country. In the total space, company took 60%
space in the malls and tried to achieve steady growth in retail market. Raymond has
281 exclusive show rooms and 132 shops across the different cities of India.
Additionally, company has 20 stores in 15 cities of the Middle East, Sri Lanka,
Bangladesh, Nepal, Europe etc. In 2004, the income of the company was approximately
Rs. 322 US$ million and the net profit was around 30%. In the year 2005, company's
total income was Rs. 350 US$ million and the share in profit was 20%.
Raymond will be entering in the garment segments such as women's wear and kids
wear. Moreover, nowadays company's manufacturing capacity is 25 million meters per
annum but they are planning to increase it in near future. They will enlarge the
production capacity by another 4-5 million meters per annum. The main aim behind the
expansion is to capture the domestic as well as the foreign market.
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Company covers 60% market share in Indian market. Company has huge capacity of
production for example, company manufactures 25 million meters of wool and wool
blended fabrics. Company exports their fabrics and suits in to more than 50 countries all
over the world. Over the years, Raymond has increased their research and
development activity.
Arvind Mills Limited: -
Arvind Mills Limited is the Ahmedabad based flagship company which was established
in 1931. This was the company which established the concept of branded garment in
Indian market for the very first time. Arvind Mills is dividing in two major parts one is
known as Arvind Mills and other known as Arvind Brands. Arvind Mills is in textile
business while Arvind Brands is in apparels business. Arvind Mills is largely focused on
international market and spread globally where as Arvind Brands is the domestic brand
and the area of the company is limited. All the production of apparel is conducted in the
Bangalore city.
The company has nine brands, which is divided in four different clusters. Arrow is in first
cluster; Lee in the second cluster, brands like Wrangler and Ruggers is in third cluster
and Excalibur, Bay Island, Flying Machine and Newport is in forth cluster. In all the
brands Arrow and Lee are the two top brands of the company. Internationally,
company's top brand 'Arrow' is available for men's and women's both but in India the
brand 'Arrow' is available only for men's.
Arrow, the company's premium men's wear brand has celebrated 10 successful years in
India. The total turnover of this brand in year 2005 is Rs. 100 crore. Total turnover of the
company is approximately US$ 550 million. It is the world's largest exporter of denim
and Asia's largest denim producer. Ranking among the top denim manufactures of the
world, 120 million meters of denim roll out every year from Arvind plants and is stitched
into leading international denim brands in more than 70 countries.
Progress of company is revealed in the sales figure such as in the year 2001, total sales
of company was Rs. 280 crore and it increased in 2002 and reached at Rs. 345 crore.
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Moreover, in 2004 company eamed Rs. 367 US$ million and in 2005 total income was
Rs. 451 US$ million.
Recently Arvind brand tied up with Pantaloons to retail their 'Ruf and Tuf jeans brand.
In this venture they sold 100,000 pieces per month and the turnover of RS.300 million
approximately. Company recently launched new brand called 'Tommy Hilfiger'. In this
brand they launched clothes for men's sports wear and jeans wear and junior's jeans
wear collection. Company also introduced men's, women's and children's wear under
this trademark. Company invested about Rs. 1 crore behind the technology to achieve
greater efficiency in networking and supply chain management.
Bombay Dyeing: -
Wadias first production was in the area of ship making over 250 years ago. More than
355 ships design was made by Wadias. In 1879 Bombay was one of the largest cotton
port in the world, at that time Nowrosjee Wadia set first textile unit. With that time
company passed 115 successful years and become one of the most biggest textile
industry of the country. Bombay Dyeing is in the business of selling and manufacturing
different fabrics such as shirtings, suitings, readymade garments, industrial fabrics etc.
Bombay Dyeing and manufacturing company allotted their share in other group
company 'Bombay Burmah', which was announced on July 27 2007. According to Nusli
Wadia, the Chairman of the company, Bombay Dyeing increased their net profit to Rs.
17.88 crore during the quarter ended at June 30, as against 14.76 crore for the July 27
2006. Moreover total income increased by 7% compared to the previous years. In
future, company plans to set up 100 own retail shop and start 90-franchisee shop in
three years.
Recently, company launched their new textile product 'Bedsheets and Towels' in ten
exclusive stores, which is most expensive in price. For the advertisement company has
invested Rs. 3 to 4 crore. The product is also available in 400 company's outlets.
Starting price of the bed sheet and towels is Rs. 1,249 and Rs. 355 accordingly.
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The company has made plans to open 30 to 40 shopping malls in the different cities like
Bangalore, Hyderabad, Delhi, Ahmedabad, Chandigarh and Kolkata. The malls will
spread out in 500,000 square feet, which will display lUXUry brands. For this matter
company is trying to negotiate with some Indian as well as foreign company.
Century Textiles: -
Century Textiles & Industries was incorporated in 1897. Till 1951, company had only
one Cotton Textile Mill in Bombay. After that company has made great expansion and
spread their activity tremendously. Company's textile division is located in Worli
(Bombay) that produces 200,000 square meters cotton daily. The company is Asia's
largest composite company which produces 100 per cent cotton. Company's production
department is spread over in 30 acres and its yearly production capacity is about 50
million square meters. Moreover, company's annual turnover is US$ 95 million.
Company's gross profit in 2004 was US$ 592 million and in 2005 it was US$ 663
million. And the net profit of the company in 2004 was US$ 16.6 million and in 2005 it
was US$ 24 million. Recently company announced that they will start a new plant in
Gujarat and will invest million's of rupees behind that. The mill will have 300 looms 0.1
million spindles and would have mix out US$ 25 million fabrics per annum.
Century has diversified into other businesses as well. At present, Century is not only the
trendsetter in cotton textiles, but also holds its presence in yarn, denim, viscose filament
rayon yarn, caustic soda, sulfuric acid, salt, cement and pulp and paper.
Indian Rayon: -
Indian Rayon (IRIL) is 'Aditya Birla group's' most diversified conglomerate. It is the
second largest producer of viscose filament yarn in India. It is also the largest branded
apparel company in India. It is a diversified company and operates a wide range of
businesses. Its focus areas are viscose filament yam, carbon black, branded apparels,
textiles and insulators.
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Madura garment is a part of Indian Rayon and Industries Limited, a standard company
of the 'Aditya Birla Group'. The company is famous for premier brands like Louis
Philippe, Van Heusen, Allen Solly, Allen Solly Women's Wear, Peter England, Byford,
Elements and SF Jeans. In 1999 annual sales of Madura Garments was Rs. 2.50
billion. Company's revenue income in 2004 was US$ 561 million and net profit was US$
7 million. In 2005 company's revenue income was US$ 746 million and net profit was
US$ 13 million. Moreover, export of company is about US$ 250 million per year. Madura
Garments has wide distribution channel. The company has 100 exclusive showrooms
and over 2,500 retail outlets all over India. In those outlets, Madura Garments has 2000
outlets across the country for its Peter England brand while there are 500 outlets (150
franchises) for its other premium brands like Van Heusen, Louis Phillippe, etc.
Madura garments have 35% share in the market for premium shirt and over 20% share
in the market for premium trouser. The company plans to launch new series of jeans
wear, suits, women's wear and accessories. There are two objectives behind the future
expansion are, to enter in consumer's wardrobe with launching new branded clothes
and other is to expand in retail shops business all over the country.
Nowadays culture of malls is increasing highly. Company started their shop in different
malls such as Phoenix and City center malls in Mumbai, Spencer's mall in Chennai, etc.
The decision of selecting right mall is very essential and crucial. Mostly, company gives
franchises. Company is doing advertisement and other promotional campaign. It has
also made forays into insurance, software and business process outsourcing (BPO).
Gokaldas Images (GJ): -
A Gokaldas Image was one of the first few companies in India to start the concept of
retail franchisees in 1987. In the domestic retail market, Gokaldas for the very first time
launched licensed brands from Warner Bros like Harry Potter, Tom and Jerry, Mickey
and Donald etc. The company produced and sold readymade garments in domestic as
well as international market.
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In Banglore, the company has 48 fully equipped manufacturing factories in which they
produce blazes, pants, shirts, sports wear, denim wear, sports wear etc. company
produces different fashionable brands like Tommy Hilfiger, Gap, Levis, Weil Besancon,
Playtex etc.
Company produces and exports 2.5 million garments per month. The group has 18
manufacturing and export units in and around Bangalore. Approximately 9,000 workers
work in the units and total 52,000 workers are working for the group. According to
Jagadish Hinduja, executive Director, finance, they are very positive about company's
performance for the remaining three years.
Gokaldas is one of the India's largest garment manufacturers and exporters. Apparel
Export Promotion Council (AEPC) rewarded Gokaldas with two prestigious awards
'Highest Exporter' on a global basis and 'Highest Employer' on an India basis.
In garment export the company crossed the figure of Rs. 676 crore. Moreover, in
quarter end (June 30, 2007) of the year, net profit of the company was Rs. 10.52 crore
and sales of Rs. 261 crore.
Siyaram: -
Siyaram is the company, which manufactured synthetic fibers. The company was
integrated on 29th June 1978, that time company was private limited company. But, on
16th April 1980 it was converted in to a public limited company. Mahabir Prasad Poddar,
Ohara Prasad Poddar and Purushottamdas S.Mahasaria are the person's who
introduced company in the market. In November 1978, company started their
manufacturing activities. Siyaram is the company setting continuous changes in fashion
trends. This company is the 'leading designer' and 'manufacturing company' in the
men's garment sector.
Siyaram silk mills launched new manufacturing unit in Daman. In the unit, company
produces 'Siyaram's MSD' [Monday to Sunday Dressing]. Company spend 1000 crore
for this project, which is equipped with latest machinery and research and development
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center. The company also gives assurance that buyers get high quality product in low
price. Dressing would include casuals, semi-formals, formals, club wear in the middle
and premium segments, targeting the youth. At first the Monday to Sunday dressing line
would be introduced in Southem and Westem India, and would be sold through its retail
outlets. By the view of Ramesh Poddar, managing director of the company, in the next
five year this brand will become biggest local readymade brands and for that they have
developed fierce marketing strategy.
According to one estimate company's turnover in 2005-06 was about 415-420 crore,
and market growth increased up to 25%. The company manufactured everything like
office wear, party wear and Sunday wear also. In the end of last year, company signed
Mahendra Singh Dhoni for launch of their new product.
S. Kumars Nationwide Limited (SKNL):-
The S. Kumars Group was founded in 1948 and the pioneers of the company were Mr.
Abhayakumar and Mr. Shambukumar. Initially, they were doing the trading of textiles
but in 1975 they started production also. The group is interested in three areas such as
textile, power and real estate. In 1990s all the textile business of the group were merged
under the'S. Kumars Nationwide Limited'.
S. Kumars Nationwide Limited is known as SKNL. S. Kumars and Reid and Taylor are
the most famous brands of the company. Company produces different products such as
consumer textiles school uniforms, industrial wear [fire resistant fabrics, stain resistant
fabrics etc.], military uniforms, etc. Mainly textile products of company are suiting and
ready to wear garments. In August 1999, company signed Kapil Dev for its new suiting
brand.
SKNL had chose Amitabh Bachchan for embark on its Reid and Taylor (R&T) brand. In
2006, sales of this brand was 160 crore that may touched Rs.170 crore in 2007.
According to Nitin Kasliwal the managing director of the company, they will start another
200 stores in the coming three to four years period, which will be company owned and
franchisee outlets.
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Sushmita Sen represented company's new brand 'Carmichael House' in 2006. The
brand offered textiles, which are used in the house such as bed linen, bath linen, table
linen etc.
In February 2007, company appointed Mr. Shah Rukh Khan as the brand ambassador
for its new brand 'Belmonte'. A meaning of Belmonte is 'Inspiring the youth to succeed
on the world stage'. The brand has been targeted towards the young group. The brand
offers a wide range of style with perfect fitting.
SKNL will be entering in women's wear segment. Now, company is analysis the habit
and dressing style of women and in near future they will introduce new section. By that
the retail capacity of the company will automatically expand. Currently, company
provides its products in 5,800 retail stores. Companies annual sales is approximately
535 crore.
Zodiac Clothing Company: -
This is the company which makes 200+ crore designs for garments. This is the oldest
Indian company, which celebrated 50 years. This is the only Indian company who sold
their brand in US, UK, Middle East and other countries at similar prices. Zodiac designs
premium men's wear with 'Made in India' labels.
Zodiac is doing manufacturing of garments such as shirts, trousers, tie, socks etc.
Zodiac has combined manufacturing capacity with 6 million shirts with neckties and
socks. In India Calcutta and Gujarat are the main manufacturing centers of the
company. In 2004, company launched their new unit in Dubai, in which they produce
Shirts.
Company's production capacity is very high for example company produces 400 jackets
and 1100 trousers in a day. Zodiac has 12 branches all over the country and it gives
employment to 3500 people. Zodiac has 80 exclusive retail stores and 800 combine
retail outlets in India.
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Pantaloon Retail Ondial Limited: -
Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited was started on October 12, 1987. Mr. Kishore Biyani
was the pioneer of the private limited company. In September 20, 1991 the company
became public limited company and on September 25, 1992 the name was changed to
Pantaloon Fashion (India) Limited. In July 7, 1999 the name of the company was
converted to Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited. This huge company has minimum of
14,000 shareholders.
CP Toshniwal, head of corporate planning at pantaloon said that, over the next 18
months company will increase their space capacity to 3 million squares fit from 1 million
and the company's total share will increase about Rs. 70 crore. The company declared
that they will issue 9,53,653 fresh shares at Rs. 734 each to the media group, which is a
sign of making a pure financial investment.
Managing director and chief executive of the Pantaloon Retail (India) Ltd. Mr. Kishore
Biyani want to make "largest readymade garment retail chain in India". The company
expanded their retail chain all over India on huge basis, thus they stopped appointing
new franchisees. Moreover, the company took the decision that they closed the supply
of its readymade garment to other outlets.
Pantaloons has many big showrooms all over the country for example in Chennai,
26,000 square fit space allocated for showroom. Similarly in Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta
etc. company made big showroom's. Company wants to make their own district brand
quality.
In 1995, company had about 72 stores, and many other franchisees. In year 2000
company had around 40 outlets in which 14 were company owned. Additionally, at
present Pantaloon Retail have outlets in different malls [such as Big Bazaar] also .
• :. Innovation in Readymade Garment Sector: -
In the 20th century companies made standardize ready to wear garment that would be fit
maximum number of target customers. However, due to new technology and invention
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of power looms, the costs of garment have been reducing day by day. In today's world,
because of technological advancement and experts, various computerized software are
introduced with the help of machines can take perfect measurement and make
appropriate design that suits customer most. It saves buyer's time, money and effort
also.
Nowadays consumers want comfortable and trouble free garments. Therefore garment
companies are started to manufacture waterproof, wrinkle proof and temperature proof
'special garments'. Fabrics like temperature proof helps wearer in controlling body
temperature. Such as, material of running shoes is innovative product for buyers. In the
material there are some special features like wearer can breathe freely, it is shock proof
and there is vitamin C in the material, it keeps leg healthy in winters also.
Japan is very famous for innovative products. Japan is manufacturing fabrics from
'Banana and Pineapple'. But, the Japanese do not use it because of high production
cost. 'The Health Giving Fabric' concept becomes famous in Europe and North
America. In the fabrics, there are capacities to protect against 'UV Rays and Bacteria'.
In the Europe, there are some units who coating and finishing treatment on the fabrics.
There are some new concepts and methods invented for the body measurement, in the
sector of readymade garment. One of the new concepts is known as E-fit. In this
concept customer should enter the details of body measurement and on that information
computer searched the clothes, which is perfect for the buyer. There are different E-fit
methods that are used by different garment companies. In some branded jeans stores
customer can choose the styles, fabrics, leg opening space etc. further shopkeeper
enters all these information in to the computer, then the computer shows the perfect
jeans in the entire store that would be perfect for customer in all manner such as size,
fit, length etc. Moreover, consumer gets ideal garment with out any irritation. That data
is kept in the computer memory therefore, in future when consumer wants the same
, product, it will become easy for the buyer and seller. I
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The latest innovation in E-fit is, seller can take consumer's body measurement with the
help of 3D body scanner. In this technology 3D scanner takes consumer's body
measurement and trained assistant feeds all information in to the computer. Here also
consumer has the freedom to choose the design, style, fabrics etc. Hence, the
consumer will get the best product for one self. In this method also, scan data and other
information can be stored in the computer for future aspects.
Many technologies such as body scanning, bar codes, laser cutters, web application
etc. are being used by retailers for mass customization of readymade garments. Body
scanner and web camera gives facility to buyers to obtain perfect and desire fitting. The
new innovative E-fit technology provides instant and accurate product to the buyers.
Self-measurement for e-shopping is not an easy job for consumers. Moreover, there
would be possibility of rough measurement. With the help of the body scanner both
(seller and buyer) can simply solve this problem. Body scanner takes about twelve
seconds for the measurement. Then the data can be stored in the computer and the
process is completed. The whole process hardly takes one minute .
• :. Indian Apparel Market: -
Some leading Indian garment companies have been announcing their future plans such
as to expand there manufacturing capacity in fibers, fabrics, processing and garmenting
facilities etc. Famous Indian companies like Reliance, Indo Rama, Vardhman,
Raymond, Zodiac, Madura, Arvind etc. have started to integrated to becoming 'The
Best'. It is being assumed that by 2013, Indian export would reach the US$ 25-30 billion
target.
In Indian readymade garment industry, small units will either close down or will emerge
in other cluster groups. Large companies will be looking out to buy small but innovative
brands. Additionally, lots of intemational brands will be entering in the Indian market
with the help of either franchises or to establish their own manufacturing units.
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Indian apparel industry is set to boom with an increase in buyer's demand, choice and
value. Consumer wants to try something new. They are becoming more aware about
fashion and brands. Today, in the market men's label wear is selling more than
premium segment. It is estimated that out of 100%, 60% share will be captured by
casual wear/segment and the remaining 40% share for formal wear/segment. In recent
year Indian apparel industry is divided in three clear parts one is designer fashion
brands (Tommy Hilfiger, Calvin Klein etc.), second is premium brands (Wills Sport, Gap,
Zara etc.) and third is exclusive designer labels (Rohit Bal, Hugo Boss etc.)
In our country, the trends is going to be change, more and more domestic and foreigner
designers and fashion brands are entering in the business. Indian designers are
launching their own brands. It would also be possible that premium brands and
designers will come together and will be able to manufacture more innovative garments.
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References:
1. Global readymade garment industry, Gokaldas exports Ltd. IndiaMART
InterMESH Ltd., 26 June 2007.
2. India in Business, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, Official
Website of Ministry of Textiles, 05 August 2007.
3. The Economic Times, Garment/apparel, PTI, 09 May 2007.
4. Indian readymade garment industry, Gokaldas exports Ltd., 26 June 2007.
5. India: Ahmedabad Apparel Park to open today, fibre2fashion.com, 10
September 2007.
6. March 26th - April 1st India Retail News lTC, Raymond, Big Bazaar and more,
Chilli Breeze, Business standard, 28 March 2006.
7. KJMC capital market service ltd., Raymond ltd., 28 January 2004.
8. agencyfaqs! News - Dainik Jagran, 15 July 2002.
9. Wadias to increase stake in Bombay Dyeing, International Business Times, 06
September 2007.
10.lndia: Bombay Dyeing launched countries romance collection, on 09 October
2006.
11.lndia: Bombay Dyeing plans to open shopping malls, 05 April 2007.
12.lndia: Bombay Dyeing plans to open shopping malls, fibre2fashion.com, 05 April
2007.
13. Century Textiles and Industry Ltd., B K Birla group of companies, 31 March 2006.
14.lndia: Gokaldas Exports 01 net income up 18%, fibre2fashion.com, 30 July
2007.
15.Siyaram Silk Mills Ltd., History of the company, ICICI direcLcom. 05 September
2007.
16.lndia: Siyaram to launch Rs20 crore apparel unit at Daman, fabre2fashion.com,
15 December 2006.
17.lndia: SKNL appoints Shah Rukh Khan as Belmonte Man, fibre2fashion.com, 22
February 2007.
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18. BCCL stake in Pantaloon Ltd. Indian terrain, Image Fashion Forum 07, Image
fashion.com.
19. E-fit, the latest technology for perfect fit, Gaurav Doshi, Ezine@articles, 02
September 2007.
20. Fibre2fashion.com - world of Garment, Textile and Fashion
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22.lndia in Business, ITP Division, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India.
23. Textile printing in India, Traditional approach, Ezine@articles.
24. Prevailing trend in Indian readymade garment industry, fibre2fashion.com.
25. Fabrics to sustain your health, Ezine@articles.
26. Spindel, loom and needle - History of the textile industry.
27. Textile, apparel key areas of difference at WTO, Images fashion forum, 07,
images fashion.com.
28. No radical change in Global Textile Trend, WTO report, Emerging textiles.com.
29. Blackstone Group to acquire Gokaldas Exports for Rs 676 crore, Business Line,
21 August 2007.
30.lndia: Siyarams ropes in M Dhoni for menswear segment, fibre2fashion.com, 25
November 2006.
31. Kapil Dev unwraps S. Kumars new international suiting range, Sabarinath M,
Indian Express, 1 September 1999.
32.lndia: Sushmita Sen to promote SKNL's home textiles brand - Carmichael House,
fibre2fashion.com, 04 April 2006.
33. Readymade garments - making the right design, Shanthi Venkataraman,
Business Line, 24 October 2004.
34. Pantaloon Retail aims high, Domain-b.com, 20 June 2000.
35. Madura Garments: Ironing Out The Creases, Express Cricket, 04 May 2002.
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