chapter 2: matter and change 2.1 matter. i. properties of matter a. substance: matter with uniform...
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Chapter 2: Matter and Change
2.1 Matter
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I. Properties of Matter• A. Substance: matter with uniform and definite
composition
• Write down 3 examples.
Which of the following is NOT a substance?
Pure Gold (Au) Dry Ice (Solid Carbon Dioxide) (CO2)Milk
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• B. Physical Property: condition of substance observed without changing composition
• Write down 3 examples for the object below.
Gallium (Ga)
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II. States of Matter• A. Solid: definite shape
and volume, tightly packed particles
• B. Liquid: fixed volume, takes shape of container
• C. Gas: takes shape and volume of container
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III. Physical Changes• A. Altering a material without changing
composition• Write down which physical change is
described in each picture.
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2.2 Mixtures
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I. Classifying Mixtures• A. Mixture: physical combination of 2 or more
substances
1. Can be consistent (Homogeneous) or different composition throughout (Heterogeneous)
Are these mixtures homogeneous or heterogeneous?
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• B. Solution: a homogeneous mixture, can be solids, liquids, or gases
• C. Phase: any part of mixture that is consistent
Oil and water heterogeneous mixture has two phases
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II. Separating Mixtures• A. Distillation: separating a mixture by boiling
liquid to vapor and then returning to liquid• B. Chromatography: separating substances by
their mass
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2.3 Elements and Compounds
Hemoglobin Molecule
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I. Element vs. Compound• A. Element: simplest naturally existing form of
matter (periodic table)
• B. Compound: two or more different elements combined
Label these as: elements, compounds, or mixtures?
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• C. Compounds only separated by chemical means
Ex. Sugar Caramel Carbon + water vapor
• D. Properties of compounds different than partsEx. Sodium (reactive metal) + Chlorine gas (poisonous) Sodium Chloride (Salt)
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II. Symbols and Formulas• A. Elements represented by symbols• B. Most are first one or two letters of element• C. Some represent Latin or Greek namesFind 4 elements that have symbols that are
NOT their first one or two letters.
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2.4 Chemical Reactions
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I. Reactants to Products• A. Chemical Reaction: one or more
substances become new substances
Iron + Oxygen Iron Oxide (Rust)
Reactants Product
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II. Detecting a Chemical Reaction• A. Chemical Property/Change: undergoes
chemical rxn to form new substances
Ex. Rusting, burning, exploding, fermenting
• B. Chemical rxns always give off or absorb energy (temp. change or light)
• C. Other signs: Color, Odor, Precipitate (solid that settles out of liquid mixture)
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III. Conservation of Mass• A. During any chemical reaction, the amount of
matter is unchanged