chapter 2 planet earth. solar energy energy from the sun. – need for survival. – amount of...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2
Planet Earth
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Solar Energy
• Energy from the sun.– Need for survival.– Amount of energy
received, changes.
• Why?
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Rotation
• One complete spin of the earth.– Takes 24 hours.
• Rises in the east, sets in the west.
• The sun does not move.
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Revolution
• Earth spins on its axis.• While earth revolves
around the sun.• Takes 365.25 days for a
complete revolution.• Calendar year.• Leap year?
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Tilt
• Earth is tilted 23.5 degrees.
• Seasons?
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Equator
• Line across center of earth. That divides the world north and south.
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Latitude
• The distance north and south of Earth’s equator.
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Prime Meridian
• Line of Longitude at 0 degrees.
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Longitude
• The distance east and west of Earth’s prime meridian.
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The Seasons
• Many places on earth experience four seasons.
• Winter, Summer, Fall, and Spring.
• Seasons are based on temperature, and length of days.
• Some seasons are based on rain fall.
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Winter and Summer
• Changes in seasons are based on the earth’s tilt.
• During winter the earth is tilted away from the sun.
• During summer earth is tilted toward the sun.• The northern and southern hemispheres
experience opposite seasons.
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Spring and Fall
• First day of spring and fall, the earth does not tilt toward the sun.
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Rainfall and Seasons
• Some areas in the world mark their seasons by rainfall.
• Tropics are regions close to the equator.• Winds will either bring dry or wet air to the
region. • Seasons become known as wet or dry.
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Salt Water
• 97% of earths water is salt water.
• Water covers 71% of earth.
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Freshwater
• 3% of our water supply.• Water used to sustain
life.• Most of the fresh water
are in glaciers.• Surface water is found in
streams, rivers, and lakes.• Less than 1 percent
comes from surface water.
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continued
• Groundwater is found under earth’s surface.
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Precipitation
• Water that falls to earth’s surface.
• Rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
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Water Cycle
• Water cycle is the movement of water from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back.
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Earth’s plates
• Solid inner core, mantle, and crust. – Three layers of earth.
• Earth’s continents are apart of earth’s crust.
• Plate tectonics- Slow moving plates, or pieces of earth’s crust.
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Continued
• Ocean plates• Continental plates• What do they mean?
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Plate Tectonics
• Earth’s surface is divided into a dozen or so slow-moving plates.
• Pieces of earth’s crust.• Plates move up to
several inches per year.• Continental Drift
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Plates Collide
• Ocean Trenches are formed when two ocean plates collide, and one of them goes under the other one.
• When an ocean plate and continental plate collide it results in mountain building.
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Plates Separate
• When plates move apart, gaps allow magma to rise.
• Lava-Magma that reaches the earth’s surface.
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Plates Slide
• Earthquakes-are sudden, violent movements of Earth’s crust.
• Take place along earth’s faults.– Breaks in the crust
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Ring of Fire
• Region around the Pacific Plate.
• Produces violent earthquakes and volcanic eruption along the edges.
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Weathering
• Process by which rock is broken down into smaller pieces.
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Erosion
• Movement of sediment from one location to another.