chapter 2 presentation 1 economic systems. economic system a system used to coordinate an economy...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2 Presentation 1
Economic Systems
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Economic System
• A system used to coordinate an economy and determine what types of goods are produced, how many goods, and who gets the goods
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Differences in Economic Systems
• 1. who owns the factors of production• 2. the method used to motivate, coordinate,
and direct economic activity (ie $, fear)
• Polar opposites: Command System and Market Economy
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Command System
• Communism is considered a command economy
• Government ownership of property and many decisions are made through a central planning agency
• ***a pure command economy has all decisions made by the government
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Current Command Economies
• China• Cuba• Laos• North Korea• Vietnam
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North Korea at Night
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Market System (Capitalism)
• Characterized by private ownership of resources and the use of markets and prices to coordinate and direct economic activity
• Leads to competition between independent buyers and sellers
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Laissez-Faire
• “Let it Be”• Pure capitalism in which the
government “keeps its hands off” and lets business run its course
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Characteristics of a Market System
1. Private Property- land, capital and intellectual property (patents, copyrights and trademarks)
2. Freedom of Enterprise- freedom to obtain and use resources to produce and sell goods/services
3. Freedom of Choice- allows consumers to buy/sell, workers can enter any field if they are qualified
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Characteristics of a Market System Contd.
4. Self- Interest- each economic unit tries to achieve its own particular goal (ex. Entrepreneurs try to maximize profit)
5. Competition- 2 or more buyers and sellers acting independently and freedom of buyers and sellers to enter or leave the market
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Characteristics of a Market System Contd.
6. Specialization- an individual, firm, region, or nation produces one or a few goods and services rather than the entire range of goods and services
7. Division of Labor- the separation of the work required to produce a product into a number of different tasks that are performed by different workers
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Characteristics of a Market System Contd.
8. Use of Money- medium of exchange and a store of value
9. Active but limited government
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Consumer Sovereignty
• Determination by consumers of the types and quantities of G/S that will be produced with the scarce resources of the economy• Give their “dollar votes”