Chapter -2Presentation

Objectives of the chapter• Understand what is presentation

• How to plan for a presentation

• 5 main elements of presentation

• Determinants of good presentation

• Identify and appreciate techniques of speech

PresentationWhat is presentation?

• Presentation is used as a formal method of bringing people together to communicate ideas and information to them

Presentation

How to plan for the presentation?/Five main (hamm) elements of presentation

1. Formulate your objectives

2. Identify the audience

3. Structure of presentation

4. The beginning

5. The ending

1.Formulate your objectivesObjective of the presentation is what do you aim to do to your audience

1) To inform (akhbara - yukhbiru ) or instruct, as one would as an instructional course leader, and is based on thought processes.

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1.Formulate your objectives

(2) To persuade or motivate to action, as would a politician or salesman, and is based on behavior modification.

(3) To inspire, entertain or otherwise elicit feelings and emotions, as would a motivational speaker or stand-up comic, and is based on changing attitudes.

2.Identify the audience

Who are you presenting to?

Senior managers? Board of directors? Executives? Sales Representative? Students?

3. Structure of presentation

There are five types of structure of presentation

A. Sequential structureB. Hierarchical decomposition structureC. Question oriented StructureD.PyramidE. The Beefy sandwich structure

3. Structure of presentation

A. 1. Sequential – Step by step approach leading to conclusion 1,2,3,…………………………………………………………….8,9,10

3. Structure of presentation

B. Hierarchal decomposition:• Hierarchal

decomposition: In here the main topic is broken down into sub-topics and each sub-topics into smaller topics

3. Structure of presentation-B.Hierarchal decomposition:

Management

Marketing Human Resources

product priceprice

Place

Promotion

Compensation & Benefits

Training & Development

Recruitment &Selection

3. Structure of presentation

C. Question oriented-

1. Give problem and background to the problem ,

2. outline various solutions with their advantages and disadvantages.

3. All possible solutions are summarised with their pro’s and con’s and preferred solution is presented for endorsement

3. Structure of presentationD. Pyramid1. The story is introduced with the characters

2. In the next paragraph more information is given about the characters

3. Further story about individual characters are given

3. Structure of presentation

E. Meaty sandwich

a. Introductionb. Middle partc. Summary

4. The Beginning ( ATSRA: Attention-Theme-Structure-Rapport- Administration)• Get attention – Limited time is available and every minute is

precious to you. Make sure your audience ( istimewa) pay attention

• Establish a theme – State the objective of your presentation so that the audience may also contribute to the presentation by recalling their own experiences in terms of the objectives

• Present a structure – Tell the audience in advance the structure of the presentation. Structure of presentation includes sequential, hierarchal decomposition, question oriented, pyramid and meaty sandwich.

4. The Beginning

• Create a rapport – how are you going to relate to the audience? Are u going to relate to them as their friend, an expert, a judge

• Administration – Find administrative details which need to be announced during the speech and do announce those because audience may be looking forward to listening to those which might distract their attention

5.The End• The ending –

Plan the last few sentences of the ending with extreme care

At the end you might also summarise the main points

Use of Visual Aids will make the audience understand the concepts better

5.The End- Delivery• The Delivery - Eyes, voice, expression, appearance and stance can

make a presentation effective or ineffective

Eyes –

When with a small number of audience, make eye to eye contact with the audience

When the audience are large in numbers simply stare at them to make sure that they are your object of attention

5.The End- DeliveryVoice- Talk slightly louder and slowlyVary the pitch and the speed of the presentation

ExpressionIf your face is distracted the audience face is so. If

your face is smiling, then the audience might pay attention

Make sure you facial expression are normal

5.The End- DeliveryAppearance Dress for the audience, make sure you do not look out of placeYour dress should be in line with the dress of the audience

Stance- How do you standDo not leanIt is ok to rest your hands after you have made a gesture

The Techniques of speech• Make an Impression - Isolate the most important points of your speech

and device some method to make it stick

• Repeat, Repeat - Repeat the most important point again and again“ First you tell them what you are going to tell them, then you tell them what you told them”

• Draw a picture – use of analogies and metaphors will make the audience understand the concept better

• Jokes - jokes which do not offend anyone and related to the context will make the audience refreshed and be attentive

The Techniques of speech

Types of Speech

Plain speech

Yes / No

Short and Sweet

When you are given very less time

NarrativeMake your message into a story and audience will want to hear every word of it

The Techniques of speech

• Rehearsal- Rehearse in front of a mirror or a theatre. Remember, “you see a lot less of yourself than your friends do.

• Relaxation – If you get nervous, try to control or enjoy the feel. If you dry up in the middle- smile, look at your notes and take your time. The silence will seem long to you, but less so to the audience

• Conclusion – After the speech, calm down and evaluate your performance. Rectify the mistakes of your performance in the next presentation

Summary

What is presentation?

• Presentation is used as a formal method of bringing people together to communicate ideas and information to them

Summary- Five main elements of presentation

• Objectives – persuade, motivate, inspire

• Audience – Executive ?, Sales representatives ?, students?

• Structure – Sequential structure, hierarchical decomposition, question oriented ? Pyramid and meaty sandwich structure.

Summary- Five main elements of presentation

• Beginning- (ATSRA: Attention, Theme, structure, Rapport and Administration)

• EndingDelivery – Eyes, Voice, Expression and Stance

Techniques of speech- impression, repeat, picture, jokes, plain speech, Short and sweet speech, Narrative speech, rehearsal, relaxation and conclusion