Chapter 2

Principles and Methods of Drug Administration

Nursing Process ADPIE p38-39• NANDA

– NIC (nursing interventions classification)– NOC (nursing outcomes classification)

• Functions in nursing process– Assessment– Nursing diagnosis– Planning– Implementation– Evaluation

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Administering Medication p40

• Assessment– Allergies– Medication history

• Planning– Gather all supplies

• Implementation– Rights of medication administration

• Evaluation– Documentation of med effects

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The Five (or Seven) Rights of Medications p41

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1. Right drug2. Right dose3. Right client4. Right time5. Right route6. Right documentation7. Client’s right to refuse

Abbreviations p 42-44• a.c. = before meals• bid = twice a day• g = gram• gr = grain• gtt = drop• h = hour• IM = intramuscularly• IV = intravenously• kvo = keep vein open• mEq = milliequivalents

• mg = milligram• p.c. = after meals• po = by mouth• prn = as needed• qid = four times a day• sub q = subcutaneously• SL = sublingually• stat = immediately• tab = tablet• tid = three times a day

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Oral administration route p53

• See table 2-6 page 53 for guidelines for administration of oral medication

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Oral liquid meds p 54

• Measure volume of liquid med at lowest point of the meniscus.

• Keep med cup at eye level.• Sit med cup on a level

surface for measuring.

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Parenteral Medications p54-59

• Route other than intestinal tract– Intramuscular administration (IM)

• Z track – Subcutaneous administration (sub q)– Intradermal administration

• Mainly used for testing purposes, like TB tests– Intravenous administration (IV)

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IM sites p57-58

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IM injections

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Sub q injection p59

Intradermal injection p60

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Additional Methods of Administration

• Eye• Ear• Vaginal• Rectal

• Nasal• Nasogastric• Epidural• Transdermal patches

Eye medications p61

Most eye meds are instilled in the conjunctival sac. Never allow the tip of dropper to touch eye or any other surface. Maintain sterility.

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Ear medications p63

Do not touch dropper to ear. Have patient remain in same position for about 5 minutes following administration of ear drops.

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Vaginal administration p64-65

Medication compliance p66• Reasons for noncompliance

– Inadequate understanding– Dissatisfaction with prescriber/diagnosis– Cost of medication– Inconvenient dosing schedule– Number of meds taken daily: polypharmacy– Adverse effects– Forgetfulness– Not wishing to be viewed as ill

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