chapter 2 principles of ecology. i. organisms and their environments main idea: the interactions of...
TRANSCRIPT
I. Organisms and their environments
Main Idea: The interactions of biotic & abiotic factors in a community or ecosystem form a tight web
A. What is Ecology?• 1. The scientific study of interactions
among organisms and their environment.
*Ecology comes from the greek word oikos meaning house and ology-to study*
1. -the portion of earth that supports life
-scientist study
the diversity
of organisms
& factors
that effect
them
2. Abiotic Factors
• a. air currents
• b. temperature
• c. moisture
• d. light
• e. soil
• f. rainfall
• g. available nutrients
C. Levels of Organization
• 1. Ecologist study interactions among organisms at several different levels.
• Know list on page 36
• c. Biological Community- collection of interacting populations that occupy the same geographic area
d. Ecosystems- interactions among populations in a community and the physical surroundings.
Mobile, AL
b. Symbiotic relationships include:
• (1) Commensalism-one species benefits and the other species is unaffected.
(2) Mutualism- both species benefit.
Termites and intestinal flagellates: Sea anemone and the clown fish
1. Food Chain
• a. Shows how matter and energy move
through an ecosystem.
• b. Simple-shows one possible route.
• c. Algae fish heron
• d. Consist of 3-5 steps.
3. Food Webs
A model representing the many interconnected food chains and pathways in which energy can flow.
b. Numbers pyramid
*number of individuals at each level decreases b/c there is less energy to support them
• - Matter, in the form of nutrients moves through the organisms at each trophic level.
• - Matter cannot be replenished by sunlight.
• - Matter must be constantly recycled.