CHAPTER 2 : NUTRITION2.1 Classes of Food1. Match the following food class with the correct function.FunctionFood class

Prevents constipationRepairs damaged cellsSolvents for vitamins A, D, E and KMaintain the body health in various aspectsSupplies our body with energyTransports digested food in our bodyMineral saltsVitaminsFibreWaterFatProteinCarbohydrateMaintain the body health in various aspects

2. Tick (/) for the correct functions of the vitamins. Needed for healthy skin and proper function of the nerves Control the release of energy from carbohydrate

Vitamin A

Vitamin B

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

2.2 The Importance of a Balanced Diet3. Table below shows the daily energy requirements for different individuals.GroupAge (years)SexActivity levelEnergy requirements (kJ)

Child5MaleModerate7,600

5FemaleModerate6,800

Adolescent14MaleModerate11,200

14FemaleModerate9,200

Adult25MaleModerate9,800

25FemaleModerate8,500

25MaleActive14,000

25FemaleActive10,500

65MaleModerate8,600

65FemaleModerate6,400

Based on the information given above, answer the following questions.(a) State one group of individuals that has the highest energy requirement.___________________________________________________________________________

(b) State the factor that influenced the daily energy requirements for the group of individuals that you have stated in (a).___________________________________________________________________________

(c) Why does a teenage boy require a higher energy intake compared to a teenage girl?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(d) List other factors that influence a persons need for energy(i) __________________________________________(ii) __________________________________________(iii) __________________________________________(iv) __________________________________________(e) Bala is a diabetic patient. How does this affect his balanced diet?___________________________________________________________________________

4. Match the diseases with the correct food deficiency.Disease

Scurvy

Rickets

Kwashiorkor

Haemorrhoid

Goitre

Deficiency in ..

Fibre

Vitamin C

Iodine

Proteins

Vitamin D

2.3 The Digestive System in Humans5. State true for the true statements and false for the false statements.

The mouth cuts and chews food into smaller pieces

The oesophagus channels food to the stomach

The stomach starts the digestion of proteins

Digestion of proteins, carbohydrate and fats takes place in the duodenum

The large intestine secretes intestinal juice which contains maltase, protease and lipase

6. Complete the following flow map to show the pathway of food in the digestive system.

Absorption of waterFaeces are storedFaeces are excretedFood

SalivaPeristalsis

2.4 The Process of Absorption of Digested Food7. An activity is carried out to show the absorption of food in the small intestine.

At the beginning of experimentAt the end of experiment

Presence of starchPresence of glucosePresence of starchPresence of glucose

AbsentAbsentAbsentPresence

Answer the following questions.(a) What does the Visking tube represent?______________________________________________________________________

(b) What does the distilled water represent?______________________________________________________________________

(c) What is the purpose of keeping the distilled water at 37C?______________________________________________________________________

(d) (i) What is the enzyme found in saliva?______________________________________________________________________

(ii) What is the function of the enzyme in saliva?______________________________________________________________________

(e) (i) Which one has bigger molecule, starch or glucose?______________________________________________________________________

(ii) Which one can pass through the Visking tube, starch or glucose?______________________________________________________________________

8. Match the correct process flow of absorption of digested food.Absorbed intoFinal productFood class

BloodLactealBloodGlucoseAmino acidsFatty acids and glycerolFatsProteinsCarbohydrate

2.5 The Reabsorption of Water and Defecation9. Explain the process of defecation.(a) Reabsorption of _________ in the large intestine produces solid waste material called _________(b) Faeces is stored and compressed in the ________ before being removed through the _________(c) The process of getting rid of faeces though the anus is known as _____________(d) When there is lack of __________ in the diet, we experience ______________, i.e. the faeces are retained in the large intestine longer than usual.

10. The diagram below shows a part of the alimentary canal.

(a) Name the part labelled(i) P : _____________________________________________________(ii) Q : _____________________________________________________

(b) What is the function of the part labelled(i) P? _____________________________________________________(ii) Q? _____________________________________________________

(c) Name the process by which the contents in Q are removed from the body._______________________________________________________________

(d) What is the food class in the human diet which enables the proper removal of the contents in Q?_______________________________________________________________

(e) What is the problem associated with the lack of this food class in human diet?_______________________________________________________________

2.6 Healthy Eating HabitsWrite an essay with the title of Food and Habits of Eating. Your essay should include the following points. The importance of eating nutritious food Practising good eating habits Plan a balanced diet Justify the distribution of food to the nearby and underprivileged people Relate table manners with sensitivity and religious beliefs______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7