Chapter 2 reviewChapter 2 review

Mrs. Siedentop-WingMrs. Siedentop-Wing

PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERSPRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS

Producers use energy from the ? to make Producers use energy from the ? to make their own food?their own food?

Some producers in lakes are ?Some producers in lakes are ? Organisms that eat the remains of dead Organisms that eat the remains of dead

animals are ?animals are ? Organisms that eat only producers are ? Organisms that eat only producers are ?

ConsumersConsumers Secondary consumers are eaten by ?Secondary consumers are eaten by ?

Answers to slide 2Answers to slide 2

SunSun Phytoplankton and algaePhytoplankton and algae ScavengersScavengers Primary consumersPrimary consumers Tertiary consumersTertiary consumers Q: Producers use energy from the ? to make their own food?Q: Producers use energy from the ? to make their own food? Some producers in lakes are ?Some producers in lakes are ? Organisms that eat the remains of dead animals are ?Organisms that eat the remains of dead animals are ? Organisms that eat only producers are ? ConsumersOrganisms that eat only producers are ? Consumers Secondary consumers are eaten by ?Secondary consumers are eaten by ?

Food Web and Food ChainsFood Web and Food Chains

What type of organism is always the first What type of organism is always the first link in a food chain?link in a food chain?

What do arrows show in a food chainWhat do arrows show in a food chain Why is there less energy at the end of a Why is there less energy at the end of a

food chainfood chain What is a food webWhat is a food web What organisms eat seaweed?What organisms eat seaweed?

Answers to slide 4Answers to slide 4 ProducerProducer The direction that food and energy move along the chainThe direction that food and energy move along the chain Each consumer loses energy through activities, such as Each consumer loses energy through activities, such as

searching for food or escaping from predatorssearching for food or escaping from predators A way of showing how food chains are relatedA way of showing how food chains are related Sea urchins and mussels.Sea urchins and mussels. Q: What type of organism is always the first link in a food chain?Q: What type of organism is always the first link in a food chain? What do arrows show in a food chainWhat do arrows show in a food chain Why is there less energy at the end of a food chainWhy is there less energy at the end of a food chain What is a food webWhat is a food web What organisms eat seaweed?What organisms eat seaweed?

Energy pyramindsEnergy pyraminds What is an energy pyramidWhat is an energy pyramid Approximately what % of energy is transferred to Approximately what % of energy is transferred to

each level in an energy pyramid?each level in an energy pyramid? Which level of an energy pyramid has the most Which level of an energy pyramid has the most

energyenergy Which level of consumers is on the top of the Which level of consumers is on the top of the

energy pyramidenergy pyramid Where does all the energy in an energy pyramid Where does all the energy in an energy pyramid

come fromcome from How are a food chain and an energy pyramid How are a food chain and an energy pyramid

related?related?

Answers to slide 6Answers to slide 6 A way of showing how energy moves through a food A way of showing how energy moves through a food

chainchain About 10 %About 10 % The producer levelThe producer level Tertiary consumersTertiary consumers The sunThe sun Q: An energy pyramid shows how energy moves through a food chainQ: An energy pyramid shows how energy moves through a food chain What is an energy pyramidWhat is an energy pyramid Approximately what % of energy is transferred to each level in an energy Approximately what % of energy is transferred to each level in an energy

pyramid?pyramid? Which level of an energy pyramid has the most energyWhich level of an energy pyramid has the most energy Which level of consumers is on the top of the energy pyramidWhich level of consumers is on the top of the energy pyramid Where does all the energy in an energy pyramid come fromWhere does all the energy in an energy pyramid come from How are a food chain and an energy pyramid related?How are a food chain and an energy pyramid related?

Living things interactLiving things interact

What is competitionWhat is competition For what do animals competeFor what do animals compete For what do plants competeFor what do plants compete What is predationWhat is predation What is symbiosisWhat is symbiosis

Answers to slide 8Answers to slide 8 Struggle among organisms for resources in an ecosystemStruggle among organisms for resources in an ecosystem Food, water, shelter, territory, and matesFood, water, shelter, territory, and mates Sunlight, water, soil, and growing spaceSunlight, water, soil, and growing space A relationship in which an organism kills and eats another organismA relationship in which an organism kills and eats another organism A close relationship between two organisms from different species A close relationship between two organisms from different species

that may help or harm the organismsthat may help or harm the organisms Q:Q: What is competitionWhat is competition For what do animals competeFor what do animals compete For what do plants competeFor what do plants compete What is predationWhat is predation What is symbiosisWhat is symbiosis

Symbiotic relationshipsSymbiotic relationships

What are the 3 types of symbiotic What are the 3 types of symbiotic relationships?relationships?

What is a lichenWhat is a lichen What is commensalismWhat is commensalism What is parasitismWhat is parasitism

Answers to slide 10Answers to slide 10 Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitismMutualism, commensalism, and parasitism A fungus and an alga in a symbiotic relationshipA fungus and an alga in a symbiotic relationship Relationship between 2 different kinds of organisms in Relationship between 2 different kinds of organisms in

which one benefits and the other is unaffectedwhich one benefits and the other is unaffected Relationship between 2 different kinds of organisms in Relationship between 2 different kinds of organisms in

which 1 lives on or in another organism and causes it which 1 lives on or in another organism and causes it harmharm

Q: What are the 3 types of symbiotic relationships?Q: What are the 3 types of symbiotic relationships? What is a lichenWhat is a lichen What is commensalismWhat is commensalism What is parasitismWhat is parasitism

AdaptationsAdaptations

What is an adaptationWhat is an adaptation To what kind of environment is a catus To what kind of environment is a catus

adaptedadapted Why is your thumb an adaptationWhy is your thumb an adaptation What is protective coveringWhat is protective covering How do animals use warning coloration?How do animals use warning coloration? What are 4 types of adaptations that What are 4 types of adaptations that

protect organisms from predators?protect organisms from predators?

Answers to slide 13Answers to slide 13 Any trait of an organism that helps the organism live in its Any trait of an organism that helps the organism live in its

environmentenvironment A dry desert environmentA dry desert environment Possible answers: an opposable thumb helps you write, draw, hold Possible answers: an opposable thumb helps you write, draw, hold

tools…tools… Covering that guards the organism from predatorsCovering that guards the organism from predators To warn possible predators that eating them might be dangerousTo warn possible predators that eating them might be dangerous Camouflage, protective covering, warning coloration, and mimicryCamouflage, protective covering, warning coloration, and mimicry Q: What is an adaptationQ: What is an adaptation To what kind of environment is a catus adaptedTo what kind of environment is a catus adapted Why is your thumb an adaptationWhy is your thumb an adaptation What is protective coveringWhat is protective covering How do animals use warning coloration?How do animals use warning coloration? What are 4 types of adaptations that protect organisms from predatorsWhat are 4 types of adaptations that protect organisms from predators

Water cycleWater cycle

The earth has a limited amount of water.  That The earth has a limited amount of water.  That water keeps going around and around and water keeps going around and around and around and around and (around and around and (well, you get the ideawell, you get the idea) ) in what we call the "Water Cycle". in what we call the "Water Cycle".

This cycle is made up of a few main parts:This cycle is made up of a few main parts: evaporation (and transpiration) evaporation (and transpiration) condensation condensation precipitation precipitation collection collection

Photo of a water cyclePhoto of a water cycle

Can you label your water cycle ?:Can you label your water cycle ?:

Evaporation:Evaporation: Evaporation:   Evaporation is when the sun heats up Evaporation:   Evaporation is when the sun heats up

water in rivers or lakes or the ocean and turns it into water in rivers or lakes or the ocean and turns it into vapor or steam. The water vapor or steam leaves the vapor or steam. The water vapor or steam leaves the river, lake or ocean and goes into the air. river, lake or ocean and goes into the air.

Do plants sweat?Do plants sweat? Well, sort of.... people perspire (sweat) and plants Well, sort of.... people perspire (sweat) and plants

transpire.  Transpiration is the process by which plants transpire.  Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water out of their leaves.  Transpiration gives lose water out of their leaves.  Transpiration gives evaporation a bit of a hand in getting the water vapor evaporation a bit of a hand in getting the water vapor back up into the air. back up into the air.

condensationcondensation Water vapor in the air gets Water vapor in the air gets

cold and changes back into cold and changes back into liquid, forming clouds. This is liquid, forming clouds. This is called condensation. called condensation.

You can see the same sort of You can see the same sort of thing at home... pour a glass of thing at home... pour a glass of cold water on a hot day and cold water on a hot day and watch what happens.  Water watch what happens.  Water forms on the outside of the forms on the outside of the glass.  That water didn't glass.  That water didn't somehow leak through the somehow leak through the glass!  It actually came from glass!  It actually came from the air.  Water vapor in the the air.  Water vapor in the warm air, turns back into liquid warm air, turns back into liquid when it touches the cold glass. when it touches the cold glass.

PrecipitationPrecipitation

Precipitation:  Precipitation occurs when Precipitation:  Precipitation occurs when so much water has condensed that the air so much water has condensed that the air cannot hold it anymore.  The clouds get cannot hold it anymore.  The clouds get heavy and water falls back to the earth in heavy and water falls back to the earth in the form of rain, hail, sleet or snow. the form of rain, hail, sleet or snow.

CollectionCollection When water falls back to When water falls back to

earth as precipitation, it earth as precipitation, it may fall back in the may fall back in the oceans, lakes or rivers or oceans, lakes or rivers or it may end up on land.  it may end up on land.  When it ends up on land, When it ends up on land, it will either soak into the it will either soak into the earth and become part of earth and become part of the “ground water” that the “ground water” that plants and animals use to plants and animals use to drink or it may run over drink or it may run over the soil and collect in the the soil and collect in the oceans, lakes or rivers oceans, lakes or rivers where the cycle starts where the cycle starts

Carbon Carbon CycleCycle

What are the 3 types of fossil fuels?What are the 3 types of fossil fuels? answers: oil, coal, and natural gasanswers: oil, coal, and natural gas

What is the carbon cycle?What is the carbon cycle?

The repeated movement of carbon The repeated movement of carbon between Earth’s atmosphere and between Earth’s atmosphere and organisms.organisms.

True or False: carbon is found in the True or False: carbon is found in the atmosphere in the form of COatmosphere in the form of CO2. 2.

NitrogenNitrogen CycleCycle

Nitrogen cycleNitrogen cycle

The process of combining nitrogen with The process of combining nitrogen with other elements to make usable compunds other elements to make usable compunds is called?is called?

Most nitrogen is transformed into usable Most nitrogen is transformed into usable forms of compounds by nitrogen-fixing ?forms of compounds by nitrogen-fixing ?

Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in special swellings on the roots ofspecial swellings on the roots of

Plants and animals need nitrogen to Plants and animals need nitrogen to make?make?

Answers to slide 23Answers to slide 23

Nitrogen fixationNitrogen fixation BacteriaBacteria Legume plantsLegume plants proteinsproteins

Balance in an ecosystemBalance in an ecosystem

Changes in the balance of an environment can Changes in the balance of an environment can be ___ to organisms that live therebe ___ to organisms that live there

A volcano is an example of an __ disturbanceA volcano is an example of an __ disturbance A species that is in danger of dying out is said to A species that is in danger of dying out is said to

be ___ be ___disturbances caused by ___ may be permanentdisturbances caused by ___ may be permanent

The addition of harmful substances to the The addition of harmful substances to the environment results in ____environment results in ____

Answers to slide 25Answers to slide 25

HarmfulHarmful NaturalNatural EndangeredEndangered People or natural eventsPeople or natural events pollutionpollution

homeworkhomework

Make sure you have all the key terms in Make sure you have all the key terms in your notesyour notes

Study, study, studyStudy, study, study