chapter 2, section 1 notes gravity and motion. history
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes
Gravity and Motion
![Page 2: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
History
![Page 3: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Aristotle was the first to discuss gravity.
![Page 4: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
He believed that the amount of gravity was dependent on an
object’s mass.
![Page 5: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Galileo Galilei challenged Aristotle
![Page 6: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
He argued that mass of an object does NOT affect the time it takes that object to fall to the ground.
![Page 7: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
He tested this by dropping two cannon balls of different masses to the ground. They hit at the
same time!
![Page 8: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Gravity and Acceleration
![Page 10: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes over time.
![Page 11: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Objects fall to the ground at the same rate because the
acceleration due to gravity is the same for all objects.
![Page 12: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Acceleration of all object toward Earth= 9.8 m/s2
![Page 13: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Acceleration depends on force and mass.
![Page 14: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
An object with a lot of mass does have a larger force acting upon it, but it is harder to accelerate. This is why objects of different mass
can fall with the same acceleration
![Page 15: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Velocity of Falling objects
![Page 16: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• To calculate the change of velocity of a falling object, use the following equation
• V= g x t• • = change• V= velocity• g= acceleration due to gravity, 9.8m/s2
• t= time( seconds)
![Page 17: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Air Resistance and Falling Objects
![Page 18: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Air resistance is the force that opposes the motion of objects
through air.
![Page 19: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Air resistance is dependent on size, shape and speed of an object. For
example, air resistance would affect a flat piece of paper more than a
crumpled pieces of paper.
![Page 20: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Increased speed = more air resistance
![Page 22: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Air resistance will increase until it is balanced with the downward
force of gravity.
![Page 23: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Once the net force is 0 Newtons, the object will fall at a constant velocity known as its terminal
velocity
![Page 24: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
If there is no air resistance, and object is said to be in free fall.
![Page 25: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Free Fall occurs if the only force acting on
an object is gravity.
![Page 26: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Free fall can only occur where there is no air, such as in a
vacuum.
![Page 27: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Orbiting Objects are in Free Fall
![Page 28: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
An object orbits when it travels around another object in space.
![Page 29: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
A spacecraft that orbits Earth moves forward, but is also in free fall towards Earth, this causes the
spacecraft to orbit.
![Page 30: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The 2 forces ( forward + down) allows the shuttle to follow the
curve of the Earth’s surface, and allows it to orbit.
![Page 31: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The astronauts inside a spacecraft are also in free fall, which is why
they float.
![Page 33: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Other objects also orbit in space.
( the moon, planets, star, etc)
![Page 34: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Objects that orbit are in a constant circular motion, and are always
changing direction. This is caused by a constant unbalanced force, known
as centripetal force. This force is caused by gravity.
![Page 35: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Projectile Motion and Gravity
![Page 36: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Projectile motion is the curved path an object follows when it is
thrown or propelled near the surface of Earth.
![Page 37: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
There are two components to projectile motion
• horizontal motion: motion that is parallel to the ground
• vertical motion: motion that is perpendicular to the ground(gravity)
![Page 38: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Examples of projectile motion:
• frog leaping• diving into a pool• shooting an arrow
![Page 40: Chapter 2, Section 1 Notes Gravity and Motion. History](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081506/56649eef5503460f94bffaf7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)