chapter 2 sections 3 4 and 5

8/7/2019 chapter 2 sections 3 4 and 5

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New York and New Jersey

England wasinterestedin

acquiringthe land between

Connecticutand Delaware

which wascontrolled by theDutch

Why wasthis landso

important?

1664 King Charlestakes New

Netherlandfromthe Dutchand

givespartto his brother, the

Duke ofYork

Part ofitgetsnamed New York

andpartisgrantedto two ofthe

king'sadvisorsandisnames


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Pennsylvania and Delaware

King Charles owedthe family ofWilliam Penn, aquaker, adebtandsatisfiedit by grantinghim landinthe colonies

Quakers believed religionto be apersonal experience andadvocatedpacifism, oranoppositionto war

Pennmade treaties with NativeAmericansand enjoyeda lasting

peace

PennnamedhiscapitalPhiladelphia, orGreek for city ofbrotherly love

Bought 3 countiesfrom New York

andthis became Delaware


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The Carolinas

King Charlesgranted landsouth ofVirginiato somefriendsandthe settlement was

divided North Carolina wasslow to

grow because ofthe lack ofports

South Carolina wasfirstusedto

try andgrow sugarcane, butitproveddifficultso moved ontoother exports

Begantaking Native Americansasslavesto work onplantationinthe Caribbean


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Georgia

KingGeorge II granted landtoJames Oglethorpe betweenSouth Carolinaand Floridato

startacolony where debtorscouldstartanew

1733 Firstsettlers ofGeorgiaarrive

Initially Oglethorpe established

strict laws banning rum, brandy,andslavery

Asthe colony attractedsettlersfromall overEurope whoopposedthese restrictions, theywere lifted


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Indentured Servitude

The colonieshadplenty of landto grow tobacco and othercrops, butnot enough laborers

Englandhadthe oppositeproblem

Out ofwork farmers wouldagree to work foraperiod oftime in exchange forpassage,

food, andshelterintheAmericas

Indenturedservitude benefitedmany cashcropsincludingtobacco, rice, andindigo


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Southern Social Stratification

Gentry orplanter elite couldaffordto importservantsandslave to work theirfarmandreceivedmore landunderthe headrightsystem

whichallowedthemto build expensive estates Gentry hadimmense economicandpolitical

power

back country farmerspracticedsubsistencefarming

Landlesstenantfarmers worked landforthegentry, but were astepabove slavesand

servants


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Bacon's Rebellion

Governor William Berkley restricted votingtoproperty owners, exemptedhimselffrom

taxation, and opposed expansioninto NativeAmerican lands

Back country andtenantfarmers were outraged

Nathaniel Bacon, aplanterandsympathizer,organizedamilitiaandattacked NativeAmericans


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Growth of Slavery

Planterschangedfromindenturedservantsto slavesafter Bacon's Rebellion

1672 King Charles II charters

the Royal African Company toengage inthe slave trade

English law didnot recognizechattel slavery orthe ownershipofahuman being

Planters wouldtake slaves whowere not Christian

1705 Virginiacreatesaslavecode orset of lawsgoverningthe relationship betweenslave

andfree


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New England Economy

Subsistence farming corn, apples, dairy

cattle, sheep, andpigs

Fishing cod,mackerel, halibut,

herring, and whales

Lumber Shipbuilding


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New England Political Culture

Communitiesheldtownmeetings to discuss local issuesand electtown leadership

Puritaninfluence

Believedcommunitiesshouldform voluntary churchcovenants

Valuedhard workand obedience

Imposedstrictmoralcodes regulatingdaily life

Saw holy watchingasacivicdut


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Middle Colonies

Pennsylvania, New York, NewJersey, and Delaware

Wheat becomesthe majorcash

crop

Entrepreneurs soldgoodsforaprofit;inthiscase suppliestoimmigrantfarmers

Capitalists are those use their

wealthto investinnewbusinesses;inthe colonial erathismeantgristmills (flour),glassandpottery works


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Triangular Trade


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Urban Stratification

Increasedtrade largercities

Wealthy merchantscontrolledthe city'strade and lived

lavishly Artisans, suchascarpenters, silversmiths, and bakers,

made upabouthalfofthe population

Those who lackedskills orproperty workedas

servantsandship loaders

The lowestclass wasmade up ofslavesandindenturedservants

Largercities broughtcrime, pollution, and epidemics


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Mercantilism

To become wealthy anationmustaccumulate goldasilver by havingafavorable tradingimbalance

Promotedcolonialismto acquire raw materials Preventedcoloniesfromtrading with othernations

England enforcesthis withthe Navigation Acts

Mostgoodscould only be soldto England

Coloniespaidtaxes onimportedgoodsfromothercountries

This leadscolonial tradersto smuggling


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Roots of American Government

The Glorious Revolution inEngland ouststhe kingandinthe processdraftanEnglish Bill ofRights

Freedom ofspeechin Parliament

Bannedcruel andunusual punishment

Guaranteedtrial by impartial jury

1690 JohnLocke publishesTwo Treatises ofGovernment

The people are sovereign

People are born withnatural rights of life, liberty,andproperty

Governmenthadasocial contract withthe people


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Population Growth

From 1640 to 1750 thepopulationgrew from 25,000 tooveramillion

Immigrantstendedto settle inethniccommunities (Dutch,German, Scots-Irish, andPortuguese)

Single womenand widowscouldnot vote, butcouldhold

property, file lawsuits, and runbusinesses

By 1775, 20% ofthe populationwas Africanslaves

Slave rebellions were putdown

by militia


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New Social Order

Enlightenment

Reasonand

natural lawshape society

JohnLocke isanexample

Locke arguesthatpeople arenot bornsinful,butas blankslates

Great Awakening

JonathanEdwards

andGeorgeWhitefield

Fire and brimstonepreaching

One offshoot,Baptist, grew inthe southandopposedslavery

chapter 2 sections 3 4 and 5

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