Chapter 2Sociological Research Methods

Why is Sociological Research Necessary? The Sociological Research Process Research Methods Ethical Issues in Sociological Research

Theory and Research Cycle: Deductive Approach

Research begins with a theory:

1. Theories generate hypothesis

2. Hypothesis leads to observations.

3. Observations lead to the formation of generalizations.

4. Generalizations support the theory.

Theory and Research Cycle: Inductive Approach

Research begins with data:

1. Observations suggest generalizations.

2. Generalizations produce a tentative theory.

3. Theory is tested through formation of a hypothesis.

4. Hypothesis may provide suggestions for additional observations.

Conventional Research Model

1. Select and define the research problem.

2. Review previous research.

3. Formulate the hypothesis.

4. Develop the research design.

5. Collect and analyze the data.

6. Draw conclusions and report the findings.

Qualitative Research Model

1. Research begins with a general approach rather than a detailed plan.

2. Research decides when literature review and theory application happen.

Qualitative Research Model

3. Study presents a detailed view of the topic.

4. Access to people or other resources that can provide necessary data is crucial.

5. Appropriate research methods are important for acquiring useful qualitative data.

Research Methods

Survey Research Secondary Analysis of Existing Data Field Research Experiments

ASA Code of Ethics

Basic ethical standards for sociologists

including: Disclose research findings in full and include all

possible interpretations of the data. Safeguard participants right to privacy and

dignity while protecting them from harm.

ASA Code of Ethics

Basic ethical standards for sociologists

including: Protect confidential information provided by

participants. Acknowledge research collaboration and

assistance and disclose all sources of financial support.