chapter 2 the crime scene. crime scene the location & surrounding areas where a crime has been...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2
The Crime Scene
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Crime Scene
The location & surrounding
areas where a crime has been
committed
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Physical Evidence Any & all objects that:
establish a crime link a crime to its victim link a crime to its perpetrator
Must be recognized at scene & preserved!!
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Processing the Crime Scene
1. Preserve Life
2. Protect Area
3. Photograph
4. Sketch
5. Notes
6. Search
7. Collect
8. Package
9. Chain of Custody
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Step 1: Preserve Life
Get medical help for those who need it
Arrest suspect
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Step 2: Protect Area
Keep out all unauthorized people
Rope off, barricade, station guards
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Step 3: Photograph The unaltered scene so don’t
move a thing!!
Crime scene & adjacent areas
From all angles & overviews
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Photographs continued…
Body position & location
Close-ups of evidence, injures, weapons
Place ruler by object for reference
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Step 4: SketchesA. Rough Sketch
shows evidence & important features
use tape measure distances must be
measured from 2 fixed points (walls)
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Sketches continued…B. Finished Sketch
very accurate & drawn to scale
drafting tools & computer programs used
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Step 5: Notes Detailed written description of crime
scene & evidence
Provide time & person who found evidence
Record who & how it was packaged where it was sent
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Step 6: Search
Systematic & thorough
Establish points of entry & exit
Victim’s body is also searched at autopsy
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Step 7: Collect Avoid contamination!!!
Keep in original condition
Bloodstains scrape off surface
transfer to moist swab
cut out stain
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Step 8: Package Evidence must be packaged
separately
Label/Tag officer’s initials
location it was found
time
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Packaging Continued … The following items are useful:
forceps manila envelops unbreakable containers/pill
bottles with lids screw-cap glass vials
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Packaging Fire/Arson Evidence
Use airtight containers b/c they trap fumes
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Packaging Wet Bloodstained Materials
Do not use airtight containers
Place in paper bags to dry
Transfer to crime lab in BIOHAZARD bags
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Step 9: Chain of Custody
Transfer of evidence
A list of every person the evidence was passed on to
Keep chain as short as possible
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What should be collected?
1. Victim’s clothing
2. Fingernail scrapings
3. Hair
4. Blood (DNA)
5. Vaginal, anal, & oral swabs (sex crimes)
6. Recovered bullets from body
7. Hand swabs (gunshot residues)
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Standard/Reference Samples
Sample of known origin (control)
Compare it to crime scene evidence
Ex: Paint from suspect’s car & paint found on victim
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Crime Scene Safety1. Latex gloves (doubled) & shoe
covers2. Masks / goggles / face shield /
coveralls3. Biohazard bags & labels4. Contaminated equipment
disinfected with 10% bleach solution5. No smoking, drinking, or eating
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Court Cases
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Mincey vs. Arizona Drug dealer undercover cop killed
4-day search at homicide scene
No warrant
Guilty verdict reversed
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Michigan vs. Tyler Business fire search conducted
morning after
3 other searches (4,7, & 25 days later)
No warrant
Guilty verdict reversed
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4th AmendmentProtects against unreasonable
searches & seizures
Warrants must be obtained when time & circumstance permit it
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A Warrant is NOT Needed When:
It’s an emergency
You’re being arrested
You give your permission
Evidence is in danger of destruction