chapter 2. vocabulary (break into pairs and look up the definitions for each word) core mantle lava...
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Chapter 2
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Vocabulary(break into pairs and look up the definitions for each word)
• core
• mantle
• lava
• magma
• lithosphere
• seismograph
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Vocabulary• Richter Scale
• Ring of Fire
• epicenter
• mechanical weathering
• chemical weathering
• loess
• delta
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Vocabulary• hydrosphere
• continental shelf
• moraine
• continental drift
• lithosphere
• biosphere
• atmosphere
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The Structure of the EarthInside the Earth
Core center of made up of nickel and ironMantle surrounds the core; several layers;
contains most of the earth’s massMagma molten rock found in the mantleCrust thin layer of rock at earth’s surface;
magma rises through the crust
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The Structure of the EarthOn and Above the Earth
- atmosphere layer of gases surrounding the earth; protects earth - lithosphere solid rock portion of earth; includes crust and upper mantle - hydrosphere bodies of water in the atmosphere as well as rain and precipitation - biosphere where plants and animals live
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The Structure of EarthContinental Drift
The theory that earth was once a supercontinent that divided and slowly drifted apart over millions of years
Called PangeaThey drifted, crashed into each other and split
apart several times before settling in their current positions
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Bodies of WaterOcean motion- three motions (1) currents,
(2) waves, (3) tidesHelps distribute heat on the planet by wind
blowing over the ocean which is either heated or cooled by the water then the winds blow over the land and moderate the temperature over the land
• Hydrologic cycle- continuous circulation of water
• Lakes, rivers and streams• Ground Water- water held in pores of rocks
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LandformsOceanic Landforms- landforms found on the
sea floorContinental shelf is located here
Continental Landforms- landforms found on the earthRelief the difference in elevation of a
landform from its lowest point to its highest point
(1) Mountains (2) hills (3) plains (4) plateaus
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ActivityDraw and color the hydrologic cycle
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Internal Forces- shaping the earthTectonic plates- enormous pieces of the earth’s
lithospherePlate movement-
(1) divergent boundary- plates move apart, spreads horizontally
(2) convergent boundary- plates collide, causing either one plate to dive under the other or the edges of both plates crumble
(3) transform boundary- plates slide past one another
* Plate movement can cause a fault in the crust which is a crack caused by pressure during plate movement.
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Tectonic Plates
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Internal Forces- shaping the earthEarthquakes are measured with seismopgraphs
which measure the waves caused by an earthquakeAn earthquake is a sudden release of energy in the
form of motionRichter scale use info from seismographs to
determine the relative strength of an earthquakeTsunami is caused by an earthquake. It is a giant
wave that comes from the ocean and it can travel 450 miles per hour with waves 50-100 feet high
Tsunami’s can occur on shores which are extremely far from the epicenter of an earthquake
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Internal Forces- shaping the earthVolcanoes- most volcanoes are found along the
tectonic plate boundaries; volcanic ash produces fertile soil
Magma flows out of the earth and spreads across and area and cools. Once it reaches the earth’s surface, it is called lava
Lava can create a hill or mountainVolcanoes do not erupt on a predictable
scheduleRing of Fire- a zone around the rim of the
pacific ocean (p. 37)
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External Forces- shaping the earthWeathering
mechanical weathering
chemical weathering
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External ForcesErosion
water erosion
wind erosion
glacial erosion
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External ForcesBuilding Soil
humus- Soil factors: (1)- parent material(2)- relief(3)- organisms(4)- climate(5)- time
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PracticeDo page 47 #s 1-3 in the Geography Skills
section