C H A P T E R 2 0

INDUSTRIALIZATION

SPUDS

• Agricultural Revolution• People were able to produce more

food on less land and with fewer people!

• New inventions, farming techniques, and the MIGHTY POTATO caused the revolution!

• Outcomes• More people available to work,

people live longer, more money available to buy stuff!

INGREDIENTS FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION

• Factors of production: Land, labor, capital, strong government, markets

• Land: Natural resources were important like coal and iron

• Labor: A country needed to have plenty of available workers to work for cheap in the factories

MORE INGREDIENTS

• Strong Govt./capital(money): • Needs to spend the money to get

things going• Build roads, canals and people need

money to start up a company

• Markets: Someone needs to buy all this stuff!?!• People wanted cheap stuff• Yeah for UNDERWEAR!!

TEXTILE PRODUCTION

• Cottage industry became a thing of the past

• Factory System could house large machines capable of producing significantly more cotton• Flying Shuttle • Power Loom (Edmund Cartwright)• Water Frame (Richard Arkwright)

TRANSPORTATION

• James Watt develops the steam engine• Don’t have to be near water • More consistent

• First Locomotives (Train)• Faster means of transportation• Could carry much more cargo than before

• Steamboats• Could travel upstream

EFFECTS OF FACTORY SYSTEM

• Even though a lot of good came from industrialization there was plenty to get used to:• Work schedules• Relationship between boss and worker• Rise of cities and urbanity• Prostitution rises• Wage slavery• Women and children enter the workforce• Dangerous conditions

MONEY-MONEY-MONEY

• Government needed to act to improve exports and limit imports

• Tariffs try to limit imports and improve local economy

• Joint Stock Investment Banks

• Banks help pump money into the system

SOCIAL IMPACT

• Population explosion meant more poor

• Mass emigration (Ireland, Germany)• City growth• Wealthy moved to Suburbs

• Housing• Tenement living

• Food • Food and Drug Act-Upton Sinclair (the Jungle)

QUOTES

• The effect of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair• “there would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor,

in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; . . And thousands of rats would race about on it. . . A man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together”

QUOTES

• They live like brutes, to gratify. . . The appetites of their uncultivated bodies, and then die, to go they have never thought, or cared, or wondered whither in the darkness of barbarism. They have no idea that it is possible for them to attain any higher condition; they are not even sentient enough to desire to change their situation. They eat, drink, breed, work, and die and the richer are obliged to guard them with police

WHAT TO DO WITH THE POOR?

• Edwin Chadwick• Said people need to help clean up the city for health• Fear of epidemic

• Government:• Many turned a blind eye• Discipline was necessary• Factory acts• Minimum Wage• 10 hour work day

RALLY THE POOR

• Robert Owen: Utopian Socialism• Believed that if people came together and worked for

common good not competition more would be accomplished

• Trade Unions• Industrial vs. Craft unions

• Luddites: People that felt that technology was bad for society• Pros and Cons