chapter 20 population

8/6/2019 Chapter 20 Population

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ECONOMICSYEAR 11

Chapter 20Population


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Rank Country / Territory Population % of World population

- World 6,919,100,000 100%

1 People's Republic of Chinan2 1,339,724,852 19.36%

2 India 1,210,193,422 17.49%

3 United States 311,373,000 4.5%

4 Indonesia 237,556,363 3.43%

5 Brazil 190,732,694 2.76%

6 Pakistan 176,071,000 2.54%

7 Nigeria 158,423,000 2.29%

8 Bangladesh 150,574,000 2.18%

9 Russia 142,905,200 2.07%

10 Japan 127,960,000 1.84%

11 Mexico 112,336,538 1.62%

12 Philippines 94,013,200 1.36%

13 Vietnam 87,375,000 1.26%

14 Germany 81,802,000 1.18%

15 Egypt 80,246,000 1.16%

16 Ethiopia 79,455,634 1.15%


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The population explosion by Leo Hickman The Guardian, Friday 14 Jan 2011

This year, there will be 7 billion people on Earth. But how will the planet will cope

with the expanding population and is there anything we can, or should, do to

stop it?

Later this year on 31 October, to be precise a boy will be born in a rural village

in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. His parents will not know it, but his birth will

prove to be a considerable landmark for our species as his arrival will mark the

moment when the human population reaches 7 billion.


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Started in Europe during the Industrial Revolution in

the 18th century.

Improvements in hosing, sanitation & medicine

decrease death rate while helped increase the

number of births.

In 20th century population in western countries

started to .

In less developed countries explosion in birth rate

DO EXERCISE 1 PAGE 371


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Poverty, is a major concern of humankind, because poverty

everywhere reduces human beings to a low level of existence.

Poor people lack access to enough land and income to meet

basic needs. A lack of basic needs results in physical weakness

and poor health. Poor health decreases the ability of the poor

to work and put them deeper into poverty.


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Rich and poor countries alike are affected by population

growth, though the population of industrial countries aregrowing more slowly than those of developing one.

The world's current and projected population growth calls for

an increase in efforts to meet the needs for food, water,health care, technology and education.


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In the poorest countries, massive efforts

are needed to keep social and economicconditions from deteriorating further; any

real advances in well-being and the quality

of life are negated by further populationgrowth.


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Many countries lack adequate supplies ofbasic materials needed to support their

current population.

Rapid population growth can affect both

the overall quality of life and the degree of

human suffering on Earth.


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Dependency RatioDependency Ratios

It is the number of people in work with the totalpopulation of the country.

Dependency ratio = Total Population

Number of people in work

Dependent Population usually consists ofchildren, students, housewives, the unemployedand old age pensioners.


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Affects of increase in dependent population Lower standard of living

An increase in the dependent population

will mean that people in work have morepeople to support and thus the living

standard of the country will fall

DO EXERCISE 2 Page 374


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As # of dependents rise everybody will be

worse off unless the productivity

An in dependent means working people

will have more people to support. Thus living

standards will


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in dependency ratio

School leaving age has increased

Young people encouraged to stay on in FT

education

People living longer. Thus # of elderly people

has increased

in early retirement

To offset this, government the official

retirement age


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Main problem

Lies with the less developed countries

Medical help allowed more people to live

longer and more babies to survive

Result: dependent populations putting

more strain on their scare resources


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Causes of Population Change

The Birth Rate

It is the average number of the children born in a

country compared to the rest of the population.In other words, it is the number ofbirths for

every 1000 people in the country.

Birth rate= Number of live births X 1000

Total population


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Factors affecting the birth rate in a country

Existing age-sex structure

Availability of family planning services

(Contraception)

Social and religious beliefs - especially in

relation to contraception and abortion

Female employment


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Economic prosperity (although in theory when theeconomy is doing well families can afford to have morechildren in practice the higher the economic prosperitythe lower the birth rate).

Poverty levels children can be seen as an economic

resource in developing countries as they can earnmoney

Infant Mortality Rate a family may have more children ifa country's IMR is high as it is likely some of those

children will die.

Conflicts

Typical age of marriage> Higher for developed countries


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The Death Rate

The number of people who die each year

compared to every 1000 people in the

population is known as death rate.

Death rate= number of deaths X 1000

Total population


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Factors affecting Death rate in a country

Medical facilities and health care

Nutrition levels

Living standard

Access to clean drinking water

Hygiene levels

Levels of infectious diseases Social factors such as conflicts and levels

of violent crime


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Net Migration

Emigration is when a person moves out of the country.Immigration is when a person moves into a country.

Net Migration is the difference between emigration andimmigration.

If net immigration is positive it will lead to a population

increase, a negative net immigration will lead to a fall inpopulation of the country.


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What is a Population pyramid?

A population pyramid, also called age-

sex pyramid and age structure diagram,

is a graphical illustration that shows the

distribution of various age groups in apopulation (typically that of a country or

region of the world), which normally forms

the shape of a pyramid.


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It typically consists of two back-to-back bar

graphs, with the population plotted on theX-axis and age on the Y-axis, one showingthe number of males and one showingfemales in a particular population in five-

year age groups (also called cohorts).

Males are conventionally shown on the leftand females on the right, and they may bemeasured by raw number or as apercentage of the total population.


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Uses of Population pyramid

Population pyramids can be used to find

the number of economic dependents

being supported in a particular population.

Population pyramids can be used to

observe the natural increase,birth, anddeath rate.


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The Population Pyramidwhat it is and how it works


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If we were to display these graphs

horizontally, make a mirror image of the

one for women, and then join themtogether, we would have a population

pyramidexactly as seen next page.


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QUESTIONSDefine:

Dependency Ratio

Natural Rate of population increase

Birth rate Migration

Age Distribution

Geographic distribution

Occupational distribution

Over population


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DO

Assessment questions page 384

Structured questions Page 385 # 1, 2,5


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Answers:

Dependency Ratio:

It is an age-population ratio of those typically notin the labour force (the dependentpart) andthose typically in the labour force (theproductivepart). It is used to measure the pressure onproductive population.

Natural Rate of population increase:The growth in population due to changes in thebirth and death rates.

Birth rate

The ratio of total live births to total population ina specified community or area over a specifiedperiod of time. The birthrate is often expressedas the number of live births per 1,000 of thepopulation per year


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Age Distribution

also called Age Composition, in populationstudies, the proportionate numbers of persons in

successive age categories in a given population.

Age distributions differ among countries mainly

because of differences in the levels and trendsof fertility.

Geographic distribution

Geographical distribution, the natural

arrangements of

people in particular regions or districts


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Occupational distributionOcc distribution, the natural arrangements

of people in particular jobs people do

Over population

Overpopulation is a condition where an

organism's numbers exceed the carryingcapacity of its habitat.

chapter 20 population

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