chapter 20 section 1
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Chapter 20 Section 1. Galveston, Texas. Galveston is located on Galveston Island, 2 miles off the Texas coast, and 50 SE of Houston Galveston has been the home to Native Americans, Pirates, Revolutionary Governments and many Texas residents - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 20 Section 1
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Galveston, Texas• Galveston is located on Galveston Island,
2 miles off the Texas coast, and 50 SE of Houston
• Galveston has been the home to Native Americans, Pirates, Revolutionary Governments and many Texas residents
• The city of Galveston was begun in April of 1838 and was officially organized in 1839
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Galveston, Texas
• Mexico had used Galveston as a point of entry and used it as a port due to its naturally deep harbor.
• During the 1800s Galveston was a center for Cotton shipping for Texas and the United States.
• It grew to be the largest city in Texas by 1870 and remained that way through 1880 with a population of 22,248 people
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Loading Cotton in GalvestonLoading Cotton in Galveston
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“The Wall Street of the Southwest”
• During the late 1800s Galveston was Texas’ most refined city.
• Beautiful architecture adorned the streets of the city, and Galveston enjoyed its role as the financial center of Texas, a true White-Collar City.
• Galveston was the first Texas city to have electric lights, a telephone and baseball team
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Ashton VillaAshton Villa
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The Bishops PalaceThe Bishops Palace
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The Grand 1894 The Grand 1894 Opera HouseOpera House
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September 1900
• By early September, 1900, citizens of Galveston had heard there was a storm in the Gulf of Mexico, but they did not know how powerful it was
• Most citizens disregarded the warnings given by Isaac Cline, the city’s representative of the U.S. Weather Bureau
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Dr. Isaac Cline
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September 7, 1900• Dr. Cline notices unusual swells in the
gulf as he makes his rounds, but nothing signaling what’s to come.
• Dr. Cline continued to receive messages from the Weather bureau as Galveston had been put under a storm warning as early as Sept 4.
• Galveston’s 38,000 residents go to sleep that night unaware of the fate that awaits them
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1900 Storm Path
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Hurricane Ike Path
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September 8, 1900• Early in the day, water begins to flood
homes blocks from the beach
• Galveston’s highest point above sea level was only 8.7 feet and people begin to move to higher ground and into tall buildings
• As the flood waters rise the bridge to mainland is destroyed by a boat that escapes its moorings
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• By the early evening, the winds began to blow the deadly storm surge onto the island
• A storm surge of 15.7 feet swept over the island and completely submerged it. People fled to the second and third stories of high buildings
• The winds estimated at near 130 mph gusts
September 8, 1900
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September 8, 1900
• As people fled the storm, many were killed by flying debris from houses that had been destroyed by wind and water
• People clung to anything to keep themselves afloat.
• By night time the city was in utter darkness as the gasworks for city lighting was destroyed.
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September 8, 1900• By 11:00 pm, the winds turned from
the south and the storm began to weaken
• By the next morning the storm was gone and devastation was left in its wake:
1. 6,000-8,000 people dead on the island
2. 3,600 building destroyed
3. $20 million in damage done to the island
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Causeway before the storm
Causeway after the storm
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Aftermath• Galveston had to recover
• Bodies were collected to be identified and then a plan was made to dispose of them
• Bodies were staked on barges and weighted down to be sunk in the gulf. A few days later the bodies washed back onto the island.
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Aftermath• The city officials decided to burn all the
bodies, and began to stack them down on the beaches. Many African-American citizens were put in charge of burning the bodies.
• Galveston asked for assistance from the governor to prevent riots in the city
• 125 people were shot for looting from houses and from the dead bodies.
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Changes
• Galveston changed its City Government to a commission system to speed up the process of recovering
• A seawall was proposed to block the island from deadly storm surges and the the city planned to raise it’s elevation by bringing in sand from the gulf
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The Seawall• Galveston built a 17 foot sea wall that
extends for over three miles of the islands coastline.
• They increased the elevation of the town by 16 feet
• These projects were completed by 1904, causing Galveston to miss out on the oil boom.
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Galveston Today
• Galveston resumed its role as a port of entry for Texas immigrants after the Hurricane
• However, Houston overtook Galveston as the most important port city in Texas when the Houston Ship Channel was built.
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The Strand Historical District
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Galveston Today
• Galveston’s economy today is based largely on tourism.
• It is also the home of two Universities:
– Texas A&M University @ Galveston
– University of Texas Medical Branch
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VIEW OF GALVESTON TEXAS
LOOKING TOWARDS THE GULF