chapter two · 2015. 7. 27. · compare kdu with sri lanka military academy diyatalawa, sri lanka...
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CHAPTER TWO
DATA PRESENTATION AND DATA ANALYSIS
2.1RECRUITING PROCESS OF OFFICER CADETS
39. Sri Lankan armed forces need strength to fulfills the defence needs of the nation. To
manage the men in the battle armed forces required officers according to the strength. Sri
Lankan Army, Navy and Air Force recruit officer cadets and train them in respective military
academies. Most of the academies offer degrees to the officer cadets. There are several ways
of recruiting officer cadets. They are
a. One year short courses
b. 2 1\2 year degree programs
c. Enlistment of KDU-three year degree programs
40. Generally officer cadet recruit procedure is based on three main factors. They are
a. Education qualifications
b. Sports
c. Extracurricular activities
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION
41. Under the educational qualifications candidates for the officer cadets need to pass
GCE(O/L) with six subjects with four credit passes including Sinhala, Mathematics and
English. And also candidates need at least three S gradsat G.C.E. (A/L) examination. More
over in KDU they are required a pass in the Common General Test and be eligible for
University admission, because KDU is treated as a recognized university in Sri Lanka.
42. But the Army, Navy, Air Force do not want only 100% academically qualified persons;
Therefore they expect several other accomplishments from candidates.
SPORTS
43. In the armed forces special attention is given the sports. Therefore when recruiting
officer cadets they are more concerned about the following factor. More opportunities
aregiven to the people who possess sports abilities because without been physically fit officer
cannot handle men in the battle. Basically, more attention is given to the following.
a. Representation in a national team
b. Individual performance at the national level
c. Represent Sri Lanka in international games
d. Sri Lankan colour holders
e. Performance in sport at school, district or provincial levels
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44. Through these, armed forces expect from officer cadets, ability for team work, physical
fitness, and ability to face any hard situation and handle their men in a good manner.
EXTRA CURICULAR ACTIVITIES
45. An officer has to control their men. Therefore they should know how to deal with
people. Persons who have been engaged in extracurricular activities have the ability to work
as a team, comradeship and the ability to lead their men. If somebody have had ways of the
following positions in society it will be helpful to be a good leader.
a. Member of the prefect board at school
b. President a any club
c. member of a social welfare organization
Other than these major factors, there are severalother important qualities to be a good officer
cadet.
FAMILY BACKGROUND
46. The officer is a good lady or a gentleman in society. They maintain a high standard in
society. Therefore,they should come from a good family background. But it not mean that
they are wealthy also do not or it is not mean that he should be from a town. But they are
required to possess good profession to their parents other relatives. Also they should not
have been involved in any illegal matters in the society because after becoming officers they
may be embarrassed in front of society and they may face difficulties in being examples to
their men.
PERSONALITY
47. Personality is another important factor for officers. Officers have to command their
men. Maybe therefore ought to have a better personality than those who they command. By
looking at the person somebody can judge his personality.
LANGUAGE SKILLS
48. An officer has to deal with various persons. So they should have good communication
skills. During the degree program officer cadets follow course to improve their English,
Tamil and other presentation skills.
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2.2 TRAINING METHODS
49. After recruiting officer cadets basically they need to adjust to the military background.
For that they have to undergo an orientation course with a training program. Here we
compare KDU with Sri Lanka Military Academy Diyatalawa, Sri Lanka Naval and Maritime
Academy, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka Air Force Academy China bay SandHurst Military
Academy UK and Pakistan Military Academy.
50. KDU offers degrees under five streams which make officer cadets enhance their
educational capabilities.At KDU mainly 75% of the time is allocated for academic studies. It
develops their mental capacity to solve any problem in any circumstance.
2.2.1ACADEMIC/EDUCATIONAL TRAINING
51. Education is a fundamental career requirement and will be delivered at the beginning of
each career stage. The Officer Career Development (OCD) programme develops leadership
and management skills and concentrates on the development of professional military
knowledge both in barracks and in operations
52. Military academies provide many facilities to support officers' learning, wherever they
are based. Military academies are similar to further education colleges and universities. They
are staffed with both military and civilian instructors who deliver a whole range of courses
and educational services for officers. These include military academies delivered career
courses, courses for personnel development and recreational courses. Learning support is
also provided to customer units in the region of the service Education Centers providing
assistance in the delivery of Work Based Learning programmes.
KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY
53. KotelawalaDefence University is the only defence university in south Asia which
provides important degree holders to the tri services. In this university it has been focused on
both military and academic studies parallel to the degree program.75% of academic and 25%
of military studies are covered during the degree program. The lecture hours are from
0800hrs to 1415hrs on week days. Basically all the academic subjects are covered during the
time frame per a semester. The academic programme of the University is carried out by the
Director of Academic Studies with the assistance of the eight Academic Departments, which
receive the service of a team of qualified academics consisting of both internal and visiting
staff.
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Time allocation for training
54. KDU offers Bachelor's and Master's Degrees in the following fields.
a. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Mechanical Engineering
b. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Marine Engineering
c. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Electrical & Electronic Engineering
d. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Civil Engineering
e. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Aeronautical Engineering
f. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Management & Technical Sciences
g. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Logistic Management
h. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Social Studies
i. Bachelor of Laws (LLB)
j. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Management
k. Master of Science (Defence Studies) in Management
SRI LANKA MILITARY ACADEMY (SLMA)
55. SLMA is much like Royal Military Academy SandHurst for it is not a university, unlike
some other national military academies such as West Point in the United States, National
Defence Academy (India) or the Australian Defence Force Academy. General Sir John
KotelawalaDefence University is the university type defence academy in Sri Lanka, which
sends its cadets to SLMA for their final year.
ACADEMIC75%
MILITORY25%
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56. SLMA has several Commissioning Courses each year. Each new Intake numbers
approximately 150 cadets, each of whom joins a Company. The commissioning course is
split up into three terms, each lasting fourteen weeks, and on each course cadets are put into
one of the three companies. There can be as many as several companies within the SLMA at
any one time, each commanded by a Major and named after a famous battle in the Sri Lankan
history.
SRI LANKA AIR FORCE ACADEMY
57. Sri Lanka Air Force Academy offers Bachelor of Aviation Studies degree to cadets.
Those degrees in accredited to the University of Kelaniya. Air Force officer cadets are
undergoing initial military training in Diyatalawa Training Center. After finishing the initial
course they are sent to China Bay Training center for their academic training. They are as
follows
a. General Service Knowledge
b. General Administration in the service
c. Logistics
d. Communications
e. First Aid
f. Air Force Law
g. Military Leadership
Naval and Maritime Academy (NMA):
58. In the Naval and Maritime Academy there are several Intakes of cadet officers and
midshipman annually. These are under the following category.
a. Cadet Entry Degree Programme
(1) B.Sc. in Naval Studies (University of Kelaniya)
(2) Navy Officer Cadets from General Sir John KotelawalaDefence University
(last year)
b. Cadet Entry Non-Degree Programme
c. Direct Entry Stream to the Regular Force - For professionals (Doctors, IT
specialists, Engineers, etc)
59. These degrees are accredited to the University of Kelaniya;
a. Bachelor of Science Naval Studies in Maritime Warfare
b. Bachelor of Science Naval Studies in Land Warfare
c. Bachelor of Science Naval Studies in Logistic Management
60. The duration of Naval training for Executive , Supply & Secretariat branch OUTs is
divided into 3 terms whilst the technical OUTs will have only 2 terms
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EX AND S&S TECHNICAL
Term 1 20 weeks of Academic Studies 22 weeks of Academic Studies
Term 11 18 weeks of Academic Studies 4 weeks of Academic Studies
Term 111 1 week of Sea Training
61. Term I - (Executive, Supply & Secretariat and Technical)
a. Training during this term is conducted at Naval & Maritime Academy. Instructions will be designed to ensure that OUTs reach a basic academic standard, which will enable them to understand and absorb subsequent professional and practical training.
b. Breakdown of Term I (Executive, Supply & Secretariat)
Instructions 16 weeks Examination / Re- examination 01 week Leave 02 weeks Familiarization / Educational 01 week Tour Total 20 weeks
c. Breakdown of Term I (Technical)
Instructions 18 weeks Examination / Re-examination 01 week Leave 02 weeks Familiarization / Educational 01 week
tour Total 22 weeks
62. Term II - (Executive- Supply & Secretariat)
a. This term of professional training is a continuation of the basic training received in Term I and the training is conducted at NMA.
b. Breakdown of Term II - (Executive. Supply & Secretariat) Instructions 15 weeks Examination / Re-examination 01 week Leave 02weeks
Total 18weeks c. Term II - (Technical) 04 weeks
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d. This term is devoted to sea training during which the OUTs join ships designated by Naval Headquarters for sea training which enables them to obtain firsthand 5
63. Term III - (Executive, Supply & Secretariat)
a. On successful completion of Term II the OUTs are attached to various operational ships as decided by the Naval Headquarters for sea training. This enable them to obtain the necessary practical experience and to quality for certificates of competence.
b. Breakdown of Term III Sea Training 15 Weeks Examination / Re- examination 01 Week
Leave 02Weeks
Total 18 Weeks
ROYAL MILITARY ACADEMY SANDHURST
64. The Royal Military Academy SandHurst in Surrey is where all Officers in the British
Army are trained to take on the responsibilities of leading soldiers. More than 80% of Officer
Cadets are university graduates, but some arrive with A-Levels or equivalent. Others are
serving soldiers who have been selected for Officer training and some come from overseas,
having been chosen by their own armies to train at the world famous Academy. It is not
possible for anyone to undertake training at their own private expense.
65. The Commissioning Course for Regular Army Officers is 48 weeks long, including
recess periods. It runs three times a year, starting in January, May and September. The
Territorial Army course is shorter, as is the training course SandHurst offers for military
personnel with professional qualifications in areas such as law and medicine.
66. Training at SandHurst covers military, practical and academic subjects and while it is
mentally and physically demanding, there's also plenty of time set aside for sport and
adventurous training. It's a proud day for Officer Cadets going into the Regular Army when
they finally march up the steps of Old College to be commissioned as Officers at the end of
the prestigious Sovereign's Parade
67. Academic Departments
a. Communication and Applied Behavioral ScienceThe CABS course is designed to
provide Officer Cadets with useful insights into human behavior and practical
leadership techniques.
b. Defence and International Affairs This department provides Officer Cadets with
an understanding of the context in which the British Armed Forces operate and helps
develop the intellectual qualities and professional knowledge required of Officers.
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c. War Studies The Department of War Studies teaches the study of war and modern
military history and develops an understanding of officership.
WEST POINT
68. The Academic Program consists of 26 core courses which establish the foundation for
elective courses that permit cadets to explore in greater depth more than 40 majors. All cadets
receive a Bachelor of Science degree, and are fully prepared to meet the intellectual
requirements of a leader in today's Army. U.S. News & World Report announced its “2011
America‟s Best Colleges Rankings” today and ranked West Point the “Top Public Liberal
Arts College” for the third consecutive year. West Point was also named the third-best
“Undergraduate Engineering Program
69. Wireless Education.The United States Military Academy was recently ranked among
the top 50 U.S. college and university campuses in Intel's "Most Unwired College Campuses"
survey. Cadets are issued laptops with wireless capability at the beginning of their first year.
70. There is a personal computer at every desk and everyone is connected to a large array of
very powerful academic computing services. Cadets register for classes, get and send course
work assignment using a network.
71. The Department Of Behavioral Science and Leadership provides a programme of
instruction in Behavioral Sciences and Human Resource Management emphasizing
application to the study of leadership. Instruction is designed to assist the cadets in
developing and understanding of leadership and human behavior which is essential to
military leader. The department offers two courses in the core curriculum ,
a. General Psychology (Fourth class year )
b. Military Leadership ( Second Class Year )
United States Military Academy Baseline Academic Programs
(ANNEX „B‟)
PAKISTAN MILITARY ACADEMY
72. Pakistan Military Academy is a place where the development of sense of discipline,
honor, patriotism and the acquisition of Knowledge is fostered in the cadets to enable them to
tackle appropriate academic and military subjects with a wide interest in current world
problems and the enthusiasm to continue to increase their knowledge through their own
initiative.
73. Members of the faculty achieve optimized results through a display of professional
excellence, personal involvement and above all by own exemplified conduct. In their
academic pursuits, cadets are required to do their graduation in science or arts subjects, both
being university degrees, calls for accomplished academicians to brace the challenge well.
PMA‟s academic staff consists of highly qualified, experienced and efficient teachers. All of
them have done Master‟s in their respective disciplines while a host of them have earned M.
Phil or Ph. D degrees.
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74. The academic subjects taught at PMA are designed to produce a young potential leader
with sound education in appropriate academic subjects, with interest in the current world
problems, and enthusiasm to continue to increase his knowledge through his own initiative.
75. There are two courses of Academic Studies which are Science Course (B.Sc) and Arts
Course (B.A). English, Military Geography, National & International Affairs, Mutalya-e-
Quran, Military & General Science or Social Science are common subjects, while one of the
following range of combinations is mandatory.
a. Science CourseMathematics & Physics, Mathematics & Statistics, Mathematics &
Computer Science, or Physics & Computer Science.
b. Arts Course& Political Science, History & Economics, Computer Science &
Economics, or Statistics & Economics.
76. By looking at the degree programs conducted in the academies it can be said that KDU
provide degree programs which are exposed various fields .Whereas other academies focus
only one several selected fields for the academic training.Academic training developscadets‟
intellectual capacity, military attitudes and general knowledge. Military Academies also hope
to develop risk management, and communication skills. Therefore Military Academies
conduct degree programs and other academic programs like presentations, researches. It
should be similar to further education colleges and universities. Through this training method
academies want to make technical specialists for the services.
77. The Department of Behavioral Science and Leadership provide the most important
programmefor cadets and is it conducted by the West Point Military Academy. Human
Resource Management emphasizing application to the study of leadership. Instruction is
designed to assist the cadet in developing and understanding of leadership and human
behavior which is essential to a military leader. Therefore it needs to be included in other
academies also.
2.2.2MLITARY TRAINING
KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY
78. Drill The aim of the Programme of drilling is to build up the instinctive obedience of
cadets, which is developed through foot, arms and squad drills. Vital traits of a soldier such
as the bearing, obedience and power of command too are inculcated through training on drill,
79. Weapon training Weapon training includes lectures on theoretical aspects followed by
demonstrations and practical training sessions, which culminate in training in live firing. In
this, the training on platoon weapons such as Chinese assault rifles and Chinese light machine
guns provides the Officer Cadets with a sufficient exposure to the field of weapon training.
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80. Endurance runs and marches In KDU for a semester officer cadets have to take part in
an eight mile run. It enhances physical fitness of the officer cadets. Also beach marches are
organized by KDU annually. The distance of the beach march is 14km. KDU officer cadets
march that beach march according to their squadron. Theycultivate their leadership qualities
and team spirit.
SRI LANKA MILITARY ACADEMY
81. Sri Lanka military academy is the place where all officers and other ranks gain their
military education. Further they develop so many officer qualities through military training.
Basically, military studies include tactics, jungle war fare, international security, current
affairs, and history of Sri Lanka, world wars, map reading, field craft, and counter revolution
war fare, admin in field, logistic requirement, military law, service writing and English. As
per each lesson they conduct practical sessions. The each session they cadets into several
groups and assign tasks. Gravetica, SithaSulan, Black Panther, Scorpion, Wanababara, Person
Crowd, Rack Sack March, SamanalaTharanaya are some of the practical sessions done in the
academy. To further develop and improve training should be according to the
situations that occur. It is a needed for the future of the tri services
NAVAL AND MARITIME ACADEMY
82. In Naval and Maritime Academy the cadets undergo military training as follows
(ANNEX‟C‟)
SRI LANKA AIR FORCE ACADEMY
83. The time duration of the military training course is 100 working days. It consists 10
working periods per day. Duration of a period is 40 minutes. Under initial training course.
(ANNEX „D‟)
ROYAL MILITARY ACADEMY SANDHURST
84. The Commissioning Course is run in three terms.
a. Term 1 Officer Cadets acquire basic military skills as they transform from
civilians into soldiers in SandHurst. At this stage of the course there's very little free
time, as the schedule is packed. There are introductions to leadership, tactics, map
reading, living in the field, weapon handling, drill, physical training and personal
administration such as ironing, polishing boots and room layout
b. Term 2 Officer Cadets leave behind Old College and move into New College
where a new Platoon Commander and Colour Sergeant or Staff Sergeant may take
over. These changes signal a move towards developing Officers rather than raw
recruits. The Platoon Commander, a Captain, now comes into his or her own as the
emphasis turns more to leadership, initiative and the role of an Officer
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c. Term 3Fresh back from their Adventurous Training expeditions during recess,
Officer Cadets now have just fourteen weeks in which to complete their training and get
measured up for the uniform of their new regiment or corps. The Directing Staff give
them more responsibility, so it's now up to the cadets to motivate and organize
themselves, stay fit, arrange sporting activities and plan fund-raising events such as
charity balls.
WEST POINT
85. The Military Program begins on your first day at West Point. Most in the military
training takes place during the summer, with new cadets undergoing Cadet Basic Training -
or Beast Barracks in the first year, followed by Cadet Field Training at nearby Camp Buckner
in the second year. Cadets spend their third and fourth summers serving in active Army units
around the world; attending advanced training courses such as airborne, air assault or
northern warfare; or training the first and second year cadets as members.
a. Brigade Tactical Department directory
To educate, train, and inspire the Corps of Cadets so that each graduate is a
commissioned leader of character committed to the values of Duty, Honor, Country and
prepared for a career of professional excellence and service to the Nation as an officer
in the United States Army.
b. Department of Military Instruction (DMI)
(1) Military Training BranchCadet Basic Training, Cadet Field Training and
Military Individual Advanced Development Programs
(2) Military Science BranchCommandant's Hour Courses, Military Intersession
Courses, Military Arts and Sciences Elective Courses
(3) Military Clubs & Competitive EventsFind out about SandHurst, Close Combat
Team, Combined Arms Club, Drill Team, Marksmanship Teams, Orienteering,
and others
PAKISTAN MILITARY ACADEMY
86. Military training at the Academy comprises a comprehensive package of basic military
skills, conceptual appreciation of varied professional knowledge, tactical exercises in
simulated battle conditions and classroom instruction, for building Logical mental attitudes.
a. Professional Skills The most effective manner to lead is by example. An officer,
therefore, ought to be a lot more dexterous in professional skills than his men, to inspire
them well. Cadets are given extensive coaching and practice in the handling of different
weapons, tips of field craft and use of signal equipment. Besides, they receive intensive
help and guidance in tactical skills, leadership traits and skills which improve their
physical and mental fitness.
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b. Model Discussions cadets relate their theoretical and tactical concepts to ground
situations depicted in the form of models. Exhaustive activation of mental processes.
d. Give them more responsibility, so it's now up to the cadets to motivate and
organize themselves, stay fit, arrange sporting activities and plan fund-raising events
such as charity balls.
WEST POINT
87. The Military Program begins on your first day at West Point. Most military training
takes place during the summer, with new cadets undergoing Cadet Basic Training - or Beast
Barracks - the first year, followed by Cadet Field Training at nearby Camp Buckner the
second year. Cadets spend their third and fourth summers serving in active Army units
around the world; attending advanced training courses such as airborne, air assault or
northern warfare; or training the first and second year cadets as members
a. Brigade Tactical Department directoryTo educate, train, and inspire the Corps of
Cadets so that each graduate is a commissioned leader of character committed to the
values of Duty, Honor, and Country and prepared for a career of professional excellence
and service to the Nation as an officer in the United States Army.
b. Department of Military Instruction (DMI)
(1) Military Training BranchCadet Basic Training, Cadet Field Training and
Military Individual Advanced Development Programs
(2) Military Science BranchCommandant's Hour Courses, Military Intersession
Courses, Military Arts and Sciences Elective Courses
(3) Military Clubs & Competitive EventsFind out about SandHurst, Close Combat
Team, Combined Arms Club, Drill Team, Marksmanship Teams, Orienteering,
and others
PAKISTAN MILITARY ACADEMY
88. Military training at the Academy comprises a comprehensive package of basic military
skills, conceptual appreciation of varied professional knowledge, tactical exercises in
simulated battle conditions and classroom instruction, for building Logical mental attitudes,
a. Professional SkillsThe most effective manner to lead is by example. An officer,
therefore, ought to be a lot more dexterous in professional skills than his men, to inspire
them well. Cadets are given extensive coaching and practice in the handling of different
weapons, tips of field craft and use of signal equipment. Besides, they receive intensive
help and guidance in tactical skills, leadership traits and skills which improve their
physical and mental fitness.
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b. Model Discussions Cadets relate their theoretical tactical concepts to ground
situations depicted in the form of models. Exhaustive activation of mental processes
lead to conceptual clarity and promotes readiness for field operations.
c. Tutorial DiscussionsVarious aspects of a given topic are discussed. A detailed
questionnaire is dished out to the class a day in advance for prior browsing, mental
exercise and preparation. The whole exercise is made very stimulating, ideally suited
for analytical work and self learning.
d. Tactical Exercises Without Troops (TEWTs)Cadets move out in the field for a day-
long discussion on tactics and other concepts of military operations substantiated by
simulated field conditions
e. Field ExercisesActual exercises are conducted in the field. Field camps are
established for a few days and cadets participate in numerous field operations. They are
exposed to battle conditions and made to apply their tactical knowledge to hard ground
situations.
89. All the academies take their fullest effort for uplifting military training for the cadets to
develop officer qualities. For an example, our tri-forces were able to eradicate the most
dangerous terrorist group, the LTTE because the military training they have undergonein the
academies excellence.
2.2.3 PHYSICAL TRAINING PROGRAMME
KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY
90. Physical training every morning, recreational training given every evening, the eight
mile run and the beach march are some of the training activities conducted to improve the
physical efficiency of the Officer Cadets. In addition, the Cadets undergo training in Battle
PT and Battle Obstacle Crossing aimed at improving their battle physical efficiency.
91. Physical Training is one of the most effective parts in the daily routine of the university.
In order to improve the physical fitness of officer cadets‟ the PT schedule has been connected
to the daily routine of the officer cadets. This schedule includes different types of physical
training methods and it varies throughout the week and throughout the month. We can
categorize the Physical Training methods are as follows.
92. General Sir John KotelawalaDefence University‟s physical fitness test for officer cadets
in the year. (ANNEX „E‟)
93. General Sir John KotelawalaDefence University‟s physical fitness test for officer cadets
in the 2nd
year and 3rd
year.(ANNEX „F‟)
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SRI LANKA MILITARY ACADEMY
94. The physical training (fitness training) program extends to all branches of the total
Army. This includes and encompasses all ages and ranks and both genders. Its purpose is to
maintain a good physical condition for all officer cadets and soldiers throughout their careers
beginning with initial entry training. Fitness testing programme in SLMA is, usually
conducted. (ANNEX „G‟)
NAVAL AND MARITIME ACADEMY (NMA)
95. In the Naval and Maritime Academy they have physical development in different ways.
Morning physical exercises for all cadets and evening recreation activities to enhance their
sports ability. Moreover they evaluate the physical performances through monthly physical
tests. The events and marking system is shown in the diagram. (ANNEX „H‟)
96. In Addition to the above activities that naval cadets participate in swimming, sea
training, and battle obstacle clearing and diving to develop their physical fitness to be a
capable officers to the nation.
SRI LANKA AIR FORCE ACADEMY
97. Physical Training programme of the Sri Lanka Air Force Academy consists of 240
periods of their training.
a. PT and Org Games during working days 140 hrs
b. PT and Org Games on Saturdays 40 hrs
c. Inter Flt Tournaments on non-working days 60 hrs
d. Total Periods 240 hrs
ROYAL MILITARY ACADEMY SANDHURST
98. The Royal Military Academy SandHurst conducts the following exercises during their
physical training.
a. Press-ups: (Chest Muscles, Triceps and Upper Arms)
b. Sit-ups: (Stomach Muscles – Six Pack and Oblique)
c. Step-ups: (Legs)
d. Pull-ups – also referred to as heaves: (Upper Body)
e. Lunges: (Hamstrings, Quads and Gluts)
f. Squats: (Lower Body – Leg – Exercise)
g. Dips: (Arms and Shoulders)
h. Dorsal: (Back)
i. Weights
j. Four Week Exercise Regime
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99. Training is carried out on alternate days with the intervening days classed as rest days.
The following is a suggested 4 week exercise regime:
a. Week 1
Day 1Complete 2 Sets comprising 8 Repetitions of Dips, Press-Ups and Pull-
Ups.
Day 3 Complete 2 Sets comprising 8 Repetitions of the Lunge, Squats and Step-
Ups.
Day 5 Complete 2 Sets comprising 8 Repetitions of Sit-Ups, Twist Sit-Ups and
the Conventional Dorsal Raise.
Day 7 Complete 2 Sets comprising 10 Repetitions of ALL exercises carried out
in Week 1. During this programme take a 2 minute rest between Sets.
b. Week 2
Day 1 Complete 2 Sets comprising 10 Repetitions of Dips, Press-Ups and Pull-
Ups.
Day 3 Complete 2 Sets comprising 10 Repetitions of the Lunge, Squats and
Step-Ups.
Day 5 Complete 2 Sets comprising 10 Repetitions of Sit-Ups, Twist Sit-Ups and
the Conventional Dorsal Raise.
Day 7 Complete 2 Sets comprising 12 Repetitions of ALL exercises carried out
in Week 1. During this programme take a 2 minute rest between Sets.
c. Week 3
Day 1Complete 2 Sets comprising 12 Repetitions of Dips, Press-Ups and Pull-
Ups.
Day 3Complete 2 Sets comprising 12 Repetitions of the Lunge, Squats and Step-
Ups.
Day 5Complete 2 Sets comprising 12 Repetitions of Sit-Ups, Twist Sit-Ups and
the Conventional Dorsal Raise.
Day 7Complete 2 Sets comprising 12 Repetitions of ALL exercises carried out
in Week 3. During this programme take a 2 minute rest between Sets.
d. Week 4
Day 1Complete 2 Sets comprising 15 Repetitions of Dips, Press-Ups and Pull-
Ups.
Day 3Complete 2 Sets comprising 15 Repetitions of the Lunge, Squats and Step-
Ups.
Day 5Complete 2 Sets comprising 15 Repetitions of Sit-Ups, Twist Sit-Ups and
the Conventional Dorsal Raise.
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Day 7Complete 2 Sets comprising 10 Repetitions of ALL exercises carried out in
Week 4. During this programme take a 2 minute rest between Sets.
WEST POINT
97. The mission of the West Point is to provide the nation with “leaders of character.” The
ultimate test of military leadership is in combat. On the athletic fields and courts, company,
club, and corps squad, athletes encounter some of the conditions and circumstances
resembling those that they may face in combat.
98. Athletic participation is an ideal laboratory environment for cadets to develop
leadership skills. When properly designed and implemented, and based on the principles of
fair play, athletic participation contributes significantly to the mission of the Academy. When
refined through practice, athletic participation supports the development of Army Values:
loyalty, duty, respect, selfless service, and honor, and integrity, physical and moral courage.
99. An underlying principle at West Point is “Every cadet an athlete, every athlete
challenged.” Therefore, every cadet is required to participate in the competitive sports
programs during the fall, winter, and spring seasons and at a level of competition consistent
with a cadet‟s ability.
a. Department of Physical Education (DPE)The Department of Physical Education
develops warrior leaders of character who are physically and mentally tough by
engaging cadets in activities that promote and enhance a healthy lifestyle, physical
fitness, movement behavior, and psychomotor performance.
b. Cadet Competitive Club Sports
c. Army Intercollegiate AthleticsFans and friends can follow Army's 25 intercollegiate
athletic teams via the Army Athletic Association home page. Here you'll find team
schedules, results and recaps, coach and player profiles, historical data, sports press
releases, and information on team facilities. Links are also provided for purchasing
tickets and official West Point apparel and gift items. Summer Camp information is
found here as well.
PAKISTAN MILITARY ACADEMY
100. Cadets as athletes must become proficient in a host of individual skills. A course of
numerous Physical Training Tests develops their body fitness and promotes their agility.
They have to engage in frequent tough conditioning exercises in order to qualify PMA‟s
physical fitness tests. This fitness acquired over long period of strenuous training stays with
them as a life-time asset
101. GCs (Gentlemen Cadets) are required to pass various physical tests. The academy has
very high physical standards, which all cadets have to achieve in order to pass. The physical
requirements increase with promotion to the next term. The basic requirement for all cadets
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either of first,second,third or fourth term is to be able to run one mile (1.6 km) within six
minutes. Other tests includes pushups, sit ups, chin up, rope test, nine mile (14 km) running,
assault course, acid test and agility tests like the horse test. These tests generally test the
stamina and strength of a cadet.
102. LCs are also required to pass physical efficiency tests like GCs, but the standards are bit
less keeping in view to their physique. The basic requirement for all lady cadets is to run one
mile (1.6 km) within ten minutes. Other tests include pushups, sit ups, bar hanging, assault
course and they also undergo an exercise „Qiyadat‟ with GCs. They are entitled to do Horse
Riding, Shooting, Swimming, and Fencing; depending on their will. LCs also competes for
firing medal and PT medal.
2.2.4 EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES
KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY
103. With a view to encouraging officer cadets to develop their talents, Club activities have
been introduced to KDU as an extracurricular activity. Today we find several clubs actively
functioning inside the university premises. Some of them are eco club, music and dancing
club, speech and drama club, E-club, photography club, art and culture club, rowing club and
air riffle club.
104. Eco club is functioning under the theme of “A healthy environment for successful
military training and academic studies.” In order to achieve its motto, the club organizes
various workshops and programmes to educate its members as well as other officer cadets
and university staff.
105. Music and Dancingclubalso functions successfully fulfilling the objectives of
“improving hidden talents of officer cadets. Various programmes and workshops are
organized by the club developing the music and dancing skills of officer cadets giving them
opportunities to enhance their talents in the respective fields. The club is also responsible for
maintaining the university music band and dancing troops.
106. Photography clubwas established having the idea of developing aesthetic approach
in the lives of officer cadets. The club provides theoretical knowledge as well as practical
knowledge to its membership successfully. To provide basic and advanced knowledge of
photography, the club conducts workshop for its members.
107. Art and Culture clubwas established in order to develop aesthetic approach in the
living of the officer cadets including a cultural awareness of different nationalities among
officer cadets. The club is very proud to have officer cadets of different nationalities and
religions among its active members so that the club is able to organize various religious
programmes during festival times of all major religions practiced in Sri Lanka. The members
are provided opportunities to visit various art exhibitions as well.
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108. Speech and Drama clubOfficerCadets who participate in speech the and drama club
have opportunity to improve their speech and drama skills, leadership skills and good social
qualities. The club is actively involved in comparing all kdu events.
109. E-clubis most significant clubs of the university since its responsible for maintaining
and updating the university‟s web site. The club members are always educated of information
technology in order to fulfill the requirements mentioned above. This club is the most famous
club among the engineering officer cadets and majority of the club consists of them. The club
provides a sound technical knowledge during the practical workshops.
110. Rowing clubto satisfy the requirements of improving water sport skills among officer
cadets, the rowing club was formed recently. Not only that but also they have displayed their
talents in the first ever indoor rowing championship held in Sri Lanka.
111. Air Riffle clubthe most recent club formed was the air riffle club. As it was formed
this year, the club is looking forward to expand their membership and to show their talents in
the future.
112. Sport Activities
a. Athletics
b. Basketball
c. Rowing
d. Rugby
e. Tennis
f. Karate
g. Table
h. Squash
i. Volleyball
j. Netball
k. Hockey
l. Swimming
m. Football
n. Badminton
o. Boxing
p. Cricket
q. tennis
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SRI LANKA MILITARY ACADEMY
113. Archery club The aim of forming the Archery Club was to introduce another
popular and internationally recognized sport to the Officer Cadets. It guides the youngsters to
be extra patient, and extremely energetic.
114. Golf clubThe Golf Club of the SLMA was formed on 04th Nov 1998. This club was
started with the aim of teaching Officer Cadets, the basic of golf and also to develop their
skills in this sport.
115. Martial Arts clubThe Martial Arts Club has been functioning for a long period in the
SLMA. The club was started with the aim of teaching Officer Cadets, the basic defensive
techniques of Martial Arts and also to develop their skills in this sport. Martial Arts Club is
open for both lady and gentleman Officer Cadets.
116. Music and Dancing club. Thisisproviding opportunities for its members to develop
their dancing abilities under a qualified instructor. It gives the cadet some relaxation
deviating from their tough military programme.
117. Photography club. Improving the knowledge of photography and its basics including
the techniques is the aim of this club.
NAVAL AND MARITIME ACADEMY (NMA)
118. An educational tour of two weeks during the term II be covers several important places
in Sri Lanka
119. Boat Pulling
a. Terms used in sailing
b. Theory of sailing
c. Sailing rules
d. Parts of a sailing boat
ROYAL MILITARY ACADEMY SANDHURST
120. Clubs, Unions and Associations conduct by the cadets.
a. CanoeingIt covers all aspects of competitive canoeing in the disciplines of Wild
Water Racing, Slalom, Polo, Freestyle, Sprint & Marathon and Surf from unit to
Army and Combined Services representational levels.
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b. Hang Glidingsince its inception in the 1970s, has developed into a practical and
relatively safe sport, using simple yet sophisticated gliders built of aluminum, carbon-
fiber and high-tech sail fabrics.
c. Paragliding Modern paraglide can be soared effortlessly on windward slopes
and across country in good conditions. A paraglide is more portable and a little easier
to learn to fly than a hang glider. Those are some extra- curricular activities done by
royal military academy in USA. Other than that club activities like social dancing, air
riffles are main curricular activities done in the academy.
WEST POINT
121. They organize and plan traditional Class Weekend activities, including Ring Weekend,
Plebe-Parent Weekend, 500th Night Weekend, Yearling Winter Weekend, 100th Night
Weekend, and Graduation. We also purchase commemorative mementos to help celebrate
these special events in the cadets' four-year experience at West Point. And also they are
conducting several club activities. They are,
a. Language Club
b. Aviation Club
c. Hunting Club / Fishing Club
d. Sailing Team
e. Bowling Team
f. Chess Club
g. Navigators
h. Debate Team
i. Cycling Team
j. Pistol Team
PAKISTAN MILITARY ACADEMY
122. Host of clubs have been established to provide varied recreations and useful pastimes.
Every cadet finds a club to his individual taste and interest. It is mandatory for them to be the
members of one or the other club. The range of these clubs is vast and varied. the Following
clubs exist
Indoor Club Outdoor Club
a. Science Club Para Club
b. Computer Club Gliding Club
c. Crafts Club Angling Club
d. Drama Club Hiking Club
e. Debating Club Riding Club
f. Music Club Judo and Karate Club
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g. Fine Arts Club Health and Hygiene Club
h. Camera Club Frogman Club
i. Graphics Club Rifle Club
j. Literary Club Shirker Club
2.3EVALUATION METHODS USED IN MILITARY ACADEMIES
KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY
115.Semester Assessment ReportKDU divides their training year into two main semesters
for convenience of conducting training program. A semester is made two with two quarters.
KDU maintains semester assessment for every cadet who under goes training at KDU. Every
cadet gets 4600 marks for each semester. Semester assessment is also based on five main
categories used for monthly and quarterly assessments.
116. Character Assessment ReportCharacter assessment report is make for a duration of
one year period. Character assessment report is totally based on officer leadership qualities.
3600 (300x12) marks given for every cadet for every year. Character assessment marks are
given at the end ofevery month under 15 officer leadership qualities. Every officer leadership
quality takes 20 marks per month. The following officer leadership qualities and marks come
under character assessment report.
a. Initiative
b. Reliability
c. Zeal and energy
d. Moral standard
e. Tact and cooperation
f. Loyalty
g. Appearance
h. Power of command
i. Intelligence
j. Adaptability
k. Organization ability
l. Power of expression
m. Integrity
n. Suitability
o. Punctuality
117. Discipline Assessment ReportDiscipline is the most important quality in armed
forces all around the world. Armed forces maintain their command structure and hierarchy
based on military discipline. Cadet training also takes special focus for cadet discipline.
Every officer cadet undergoing training of KDU takes a total of 1200 marks for each
academic year. Marks are deducted based on the following guide lines.
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a. Confinement to barrack 20 marks
b. Pack drills\extra drills 10 marks
c. Show parade \reporting 5 marks
d. Cancellation of walk out weekend passes 5 marks
e. Admonished by commandant 100 marks
f. Admonished by deputy commandant 75 marks
g. Admonished by commanding officer 50 marks
h. Admonished by squadron commander 20 marks
i. Administer by any commissioned officer 10 marks
j. Reprimanded by commandant 200 marks
k. Loss of seniority 300 marks
l. Placed under observation 10 marks
m. Checked in troop commander muster 5 marks
n. Checked in squadron commander muster 10 marks
o. Check by commanding officer muster parade
or during any other inspection 50 marks
118. Any other misconduct bad observations
a. by commandant or deputy commandant 50marks
b. by commanding officer 30marks
c. by squadron commander 20marks
d. by troop commander 10marks
e. Reduction in rank 50marks
119. WORK ASSESSMENT SHEETWork assessment sheet is another assessment sheet use by
KDU to assist their cadets. In work assessment sheet attention is given for drill, PT, WT, games,
confidence course, maintain books. Every month they calculate marks for work assessment sheets.
Every cadet can earn 200 marks for work assessment sheet. The mark system for work assessment
sheet is
a. DrillAttendance during the month 05marks
Test 25 marks
b. PTAttendance during the month 10marks
Test 90 marks
c. WTAttendance during the month 05marks
Test 25 marks
d. Games confidence courseAttendance during the month 05 marks
Test 25 marks
e. Maintenance files, booksAcademic subject\assessment 05marks
Methodical and need 05marks
Good 04marks
Average 03marks
Satisfy 02marks
f. military subject\file\documents 05marks
Methodical and need 05marks
Good 04marks
Average 03marks
Satisfy 02marks
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2.4 BUILDING A GOOD OFFICER TO THE NATION
120. There are so many aspects to be changed in men‟s live when they are orientating from civil life
to military life. Especially as an officer, he has to change his life totally. In this case the bridge
between civil life and military life is the cadet period. As well a s he should be able to
gain good knowledge and he has to be an all-rounder through this period.
121. When he has become as an officer, he is a leader of the service. Therefore he has to improve his
leadership qualities. As personal leadership qualities he has to develop the followings.
a. Vision
b. Continuous learner
c. Self awareness
d. Decisiveness
e. Courage
f. Aggressiveness
g. Honesty and integrity
h. Trust, loyalty, selflessness
i. Initiative
j. Energy and enthusiasm
122. Anofficer has to handle his men. Therefore he should be a team leader. He should command his
men and get them work done. Man management is a special ability which an officer must have
because to controlling and managing people is not an easy task. In any army there are thousands of
people who belong to different societies and have different qualities. Without having good
management skills and team leading ability it is a dream to win a battle. When becoming a team
leader or a man manager he/she should possess the following qualities with them.
a. Team builder
b. Team work
c. Cultural sensitivity
d. Developing others
e. Inspiring
123. After becoming an officer one cannot stay away from his leadership. He has to be a situational
leader who can manage any circumstances. That kind of leader should improve qualities like,
a. Adapting to/ managing/creating.
b. Transformation.
c. Tolerance of others‟ views.
d. Implementation.
e. Leading with speed.
f. Communication skills
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124. An officer has to take quick decisions in a battle. It should be a 100% correct decision.
Therefore he should have a Strategic thinking ability. When talking about strategic thinking ability
strategic leadership should be improved. For that the following qualities are to be with that officer.
a. Mental agility
b. Analytical
c. Critical thinking
d. Holistic/systems thinking
e. Synthesis
f. Thinking across boundaries
g. Cognitive understanding
h. External awareness
125. Quantitative and qualitative methods are used as a technique to identify the lapses between the
quality and quantity development of officer qualities. In the early era it was used to identify the
development and improvement of officer qualities. The number of officers cadets were less and their
qualitative standard was very high. But in the present due to the current requirement the quantity of
officer cadets has been increased. When there is a large number of an officer cadet it is difficult to
improve and develop the officer qualities. Therefore, training methods should be developed.
126. Officer qualities remain unchanged. But it should be cultivated with officer cadets through the
training process because when a person enters the forces as cadets he/she does not have any idea
regarding qualities. When he undergoes the training only he can adapt to the situation. It is difficult to
escape the entry of bad qualities to the officer cadets. However from a service person country does not
expect stealing, cheating, lying etc. So it is proved that through observing, learning, training officer
qualitiescan be developed and improved.
127. An officer should possess an ability to move with any level of society. He/she should have
ability to coordinate with low level, middle level and high level without any resistance.
128. For example in the 4th Elam war period Sri Lankan service person did a great job of rescuing
the innocent civilians who didn‟t have even proper cloths. They have been with them, sharing their
happy, sorrow and solving their problems. It proves that officer should have the ability and
Coordinate with all levels in society.
129. Also an officer should have a great ability to be with high level society. It has been practiced
with them by the training given to them regarding mess etiquettes and leadership development
courses. For example it can be shown that when there is any high status function officers able to deal
with any circumstances. And also they have the ability to develop international relations with other
countries. For example in 4th Elam war all the negotiation work was done by higher military officers.
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129. When considering social background of officers, though they are from high, low or middle they
should know how to treat his subordinates. They have to treat their men in very good way. Persons
who belong to middle class and low class know the difficulties faced by soldiers. They know how to
motivate them to fight in battle. High class people try to give good facilities to them because as per
them it may be their basic need. So it is essential to take officer cadets from every background.
130. The British army when they are selecting officer cadets they study there cultural and social
background. In early eras the British army enlisted officer cadets only from rich and wealthy families
because they thought officers should have ability to nourish his troop on his own. And also they
expect that a person froma higher class social possesses good qualities and it is easy to make him a
good officer. The belief in that an officer treats his men ain good way he will gain respect
automatically.
131. It was observed in the last Elam war period. Those Officerswho treated their men well were
protected by his soldiers. in the bomb blast at the army head quarters to kill the former Army
Commander he was protected by a soldier who was in charge of his security. And there are so many
experiences like this. The other way of getting respect is by forcing. But that way does not for long.
Person does not have good officer qualities have to gain respect by force.