Chapter 21Chapter 21The Progressives The Progressives Confront Industrial Confront Industrial CapitalismCapitalism

The American PeopleThe American People, 6, 6thth ed. ed.

I.I. The Social Justice The Social Justice MovementMovement

ProgressivismProgressivism

Progressives were influenced primarily Progressives were influenced primarily by the ideas of the Darwinian revolution, by the ideas of the Darwinian revolution, specifically the idea that the world was specifically the idea that the world was constantly in transition and fluidconstantly in transition and fluid

Progressivism was the first modern Progressivism was the first modern reform movement; encompassed such reform movement; encompassed such diverse fields as environmentalism and diverse fields as environmentalism and birth controlbirth control

MuckrakersMuckrakers A new breed of journalist prevalent in the A new breed of journalist prevalent in the

1890s that was interested in the form of 1890s that was interested in the form of written whistle-blowing: telling the written whistle-blowing: telling the readership what was wrong in Americareadership what was wrong in America

Targeted specific governments and Targeted specific governments and businesses such as the meat-packing businesses such as the meat-packing industryindustry

ReformersReformers Instrumental in the establishment of child-Instrumental in the establishment of child-

labor legislation in the United Stateslabor legislation in the United States Targeted length of workday for women, Targeted length of workday for women,

birth control and sexualitybirth control and sexuality Endorsed better housing and education, Endorsed better housing and education,

pointing to the detriment of urban pointing to the detriment of urban overcrowding and establishing early fire overcrowding and establishing early fire codescodes

Crusaded against saloons, brothels and Crusaded against saloons, brothels and movie houses movie houses

II.II. The Worker in the The Worker in the Progressive EraProgressive Era

Immigrants and Immigrants and Industrial LaborIndustrial Labor The industrial workforce of the era, The industrial workforce of the era,

composed largely of transient composed largely of transient immigrants, had a fluid character and immigrants, had a fluid character and changed oftenchanged often

The principles of science were applied to The principles of science were applied to the emerging field of management in the emerging field of management in order to increase efficiency and profitsorder to increase efficiency and profits

Union Organizing Union Organizing and Reformand Reform Samuel Gompers – American Federation Samuel Gompers – American Federation

of Labor – first large American labor unionof Labor – first large American labor union Devastating fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Devastating fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist

Company forced New York State to Company forced New York State to examine worker’s conditions in examine worker’s conditions in manufacturingmanufacturing

International Workers of the World – International Workers of the World – radical labor union impatient with the radical labor union impatient with the negotiation strategynegotiation strategy

III.III. Reform in the Cities Reform in the Cities and Statesand States

Municipal ReformersMunicipal Reformers The continued growth of the cities in America The continued growth of the cities in America

caused a wide range of social problems caused a wide range of social problems The inclusion of large populations of immigrants The inclusion of large populations of immigrants

was the important difference between American was the important difference between American and European citiesand European cities

Municipal reform was chiefly concerned with Municipal reform was chiefly concerned with making the operation and administration of the making the operation and administration of the city as efficient as possible through innovative city as efficient as possible through innovative adaptations of business management adaptations of business management techniques to governmenttechniques to government

Reform in the StatesReform in the States The American federalist system of The American federalist system of

government gave the actions of reform government gave the actions of reform by the states an important place in the by the states an important place in the country’s overall growthcountry’s overall growth

Most reform came in the form of laws Most reform came in the form of laws increasing democracy, individual increasing democracy, individual freedoms, social justice, and efficiency of freedoms, social justice, and efficiency of governmentgovernment

IV.IV. Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt and the Square Dealand the Square Deal

TrustsTrusts Foremost on Roosevelt’s hit list was an Foremost on Roosevelt’s hit list was an

attempt to control the actions of large attempt to control the actions of large industrial corporations that were industrial corporations that were constantly consolidating, growing bigger constantly consolidating, growing bigger and more powerfuland more powerful

Directed the justice department to Directed the justice department to prosecute some of the largest prosecute some of the largest corporations in the country under the corporations in the country under the Sherman Anti-Trust ActSherman Anti-Trust Act

Meat Inspection Meat Inspection and the FDAand the FDA Roosevelt’s first major reform began in Roosevelt’s first major reform began in

response to Upton Sinclair’s novel of the response to Upton Sinclair’s novel of the Chicago meatpacking industry Chicago meatpacking industry The JungleThe Jungle

Led to a Meat Inspection Act of 1906 that Led to a Meat Inspection Act of 1906 that restored the country’s faith in the industry restored the country’s faith in the industry and increased its profitsand increased its profits

The Pure Food and Drug Act corrected The Pure Food and Drug Act corrected some of the worst abuses in American some of the worst abuses in American industryindustry

ConservationConservation Roosevelt tripled the land set aside for Roosevelt tripled the land set aside for

national forests, bringing the total to more national forests, bringing the total to more than 150 million acresthan 150 million acres

Worked to increase public awareness of Worked to increase public awareness of the limited amount of resources in the limited amount of resources in AmericaAmerica

V.V. Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedomand the New Freedom

Wilsonian ReformWilsonian Reform Recommended reducing the national Recommended reducing the national

tariff to eliminate favoritism, freeing the tariff to eliminate favoritism, freeing the banking system from Wall Street control, banking system from Wall Street control, and restoring competition in industryand restoring competition in industry

A compromise bill to retool the banking A compromise bill to retool the banking system resulted in a modest income tax system resulted in a modest income tax and the creation of the Federal Reserve and the creation of the Federal Reserve SystemSystem

Moving Closer to a New Moving Closer to a New NationalismNationalism

In response to ongoing need to police the In response to ongoing need to police the affairs of big business, Wilson submitted affairs of big business, Wilson submitted the Clayton Act to Congress in 1914 and the Clayton Act to Congress in 1914 and endorsed the Federal trade Commission endorsed the Federal trade Commission embedded with enough power to curtail embedded with enough power to curtail companies guilty of restricting companies guilty of restricting competitioncompetition