chapter 22 america becomes a world power important changes 1. alaska acquired in 1867 2. western...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 22 America Becomes A World
Power
Important Changes
1. Alaska acquired in 18672. Western frontier settled by 18903. American inventors impressed the world4. Businesses were bigger
Spanish American War
Cuba was a Spanish colonyAmericans lived in CubaPresident McKinley offered to buy CubaSpain refusedMcKinley sent the battleship U.S.S. Maine to
protect Americans
Spanish American War
February 15, 1898Maine explodedKilled 260 sailorsAmerica blamed SpainAssistant Secretary of Navy—Theodore
Roosevelt sent Admiral Dewey and a fleet to Philippines
Dewey given orders to attack if war broke out
War Declared
April 9, 1898 Spain agreed to stop fighting“Remember the Maine”Americans wanted Spain punishedApril 11, 1898 McKinley asked Congress to
declare war
Yellow Journalism
New York Journal –William Randolph Hearst
New York World-Joseph Pulitzer
Late 1800s most newspapers were not as accurate as they are today.
Two sensationalistic papers were competing to see who could sell more newspapers.
“Splendid Little War”
Admiral Dewey destroyed Spanish fleet in Philippines
Roosevelt organized the “Rough Riders”Charged up San Juan Hill
The Unprepared US Army
Thousands of volunteers rushed to join-all kinds of people from socialites to outlaws
Lacked guns, tents, and blankets
Needed training
Given heavy woolen uniforms to fight in the warm tropics
The food was leftover canned rations from the Civil War –Rotten and disgusting
No proper sanitary areas
AMAZING NUMBERS
Total in the War—5,462 Americans lost their lives
Only 379 died in combat
The rest from unsanitary conditions which caused plague and yellow fever
“Splendid Little War”
US Navy sank all Spanish ships in Cuban harbor
Agreed to stop fighting to discuss ending the war
ArmisticeWar ended December 10, 1898
Results
USA gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
Secretary of State—John Hay—declared the Spanish-American War a “Splendid Little War”
War lasted 4 months
The Nation Increases Its Power
Gained the Hawaiian Islands in 1900
Queen of Hawaii-Liliuokalani
The Nation Increases Its Power
Focused on ChinaAfraid other countries were controlling tradeSecretary of State—John Hay—offered a new
trading policy called the “Open Door Policy”Convinced the foreign nation in China to
Allow open and free trade for all countriesChinese “Boxers” rebelled
Election of 1900
William McKinley vs. William J. BryanMcKinley reelected—25th presidentVice-President Theodore RooseveltMcKinley was assassinated (shot) in 1901 by
Leon Czolgosz
Theodore Roosevelt
26th presidentYoungest president to take office (42 years
old)Believed Americans deserved a better dealInterested in Americans receiving a “Square
Deal”
Theodore Roosevelt
Coal Miners Strike 1902Used government to bring it to an endBig businesses were scared of Roosevelt“Trustbuster”He believed that big companies should be
broken into smaller companies
Progressives
Reformers who believed America should make progress to become a better country
Protecting America
Passed laws to protect Americans *Meat Inspection Act *Pure Food and Drug Act 1906Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle
Foreign Policy
Europe—neutralityLatin America—Monroe DoctrineAsia—Open Door
Panama Canal
Wanted to build up the US NavyNeeded a fast way to get from Atlantic to the
PacificCanal—man-made waterway1903 Panama revolted against ColumbiaRoosevelt sent battleships to help PanamaPanama won independence
Panama Canal
USA paid $10 million
10-mile wide strip of land
“Big Ditch”11 years to
finishSaved over
7,000 miles
Big Stick Policy
Latin America had economic problemsBorrowed money for European nationsRoosevelt convinced countries to settle in
World CourtRoosevelt revised the Monroe DoctrineRoosevelt CorollaryUSA became a “police power” in Latin
America
Big Stick Policy
Old African saying “Speak softly and carry a big stick.”
Roosevelt’s willingness to use military power was called “Big Stick Policy”
Election of 1908
Largest US President
7-foot-1-inch-long bathtub custom built for the 340-pound, 6-foot frame of President William Howard Taft).
Election of 1912