chapter 22 battle for national reform. theodore roosevelt sr. “the only man i was ever really...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 22Battle for National Reform
Theodore Roosevelt Sr.
“The only man I was ever really afraid of”
Lincoln’s funeral thru NYC
Elliot and Theodore Roosevelt
Teddy, Elliott, Corinne, and Edith Carrow
Teddy goes hunting
TR serves as:NY State AssemblymanCivil Service CommissionerNYC Police CommissionerAsst. Sec. of the NavyLt. Col. Of VolunteersGov. of New YorkVice President
Teddy as Police
Commissioner
Teddy in the War
Teddy as VP candidate
September 1901
TR & Teddy’s Bear
When TR becomes President, power was mainly with Congress
Teddy believes in government of men rather than laws-good laws won’t help if bad men in charge
Well prepared to be President:
•Well read•Well traveled•Northern with Southern ties•Easterner with ties to the West•In local, state and national gov.
TR’s formula for leadership:
Courage + intellegence
Looks to Jackson & Lincoln for philosophy of presidential power
Feels power is not what the constitution says, it only sets limits on what can’t be done
It is his duty to do anything the country needs unless forbidden by the const.
While thought by Conservatives to be a radical, he is really a moderate conservative
Believes in moderate reform to correct problems and to avoid more radical change
TR sees gov. as mediator of public good
Sees business not as evil, but believes that can be dangerous
Wants to regulate rather than destroy
Uses power to investigate activities of corporations
Department of Commerce
Files 40 anti-trust cases
1902 Northern Securities Co.
J. P. Morgan, E. H. Harriman, & James Hill
RR monopoly in Northwest
J. P. Morgan
E. H. Harriman
James Hill
Supreme Court rules in favor of the government in 1904
Teddy goes after Standard Oil
Government will win the case in 1911
1902 - United Mine Workers Strikes
Strike stretches into the Fall
Teddy asks for arbitration
Mine owners refuse
Coal Mine
Teddy threaten to send the army to dig coal
Workers get 10% raise
9 hour work day
Owners do not have to recognize the union
Election of 1904
Or, who gets to run against Teddy?
Alton B. Parker
Square
Deal
A program that is fair to all and not influenced by special interests
Conservation
Control
Consumer
Of Natural Resources
Of Corporations
Protection
*Hepburn Railroad Regulation Act
*Pure Food and Drug Act
*Meat Inspection Act
*Antiquities Act
Conservation
Creates National Park Service
5 National Parks
16 National Monuments
51 Wildlife refuges
TR and John Muir at Yosemite
Conservatives in Congress do not like land put beyond the reach of business
Pass bill to restrict power of President to preserve land
Teddy seizes as much land as possible before law become effective
Panic of 1907
*Industry produces more than it can sell
*Speculation and mismanagement
*Conservatives blame TR
J.P. Morgan
Supports system
US Steel
Tenn Coal
Roosevelt picks as successor:
TAFT
Teddy goes Big
Game Hunting
Taft suffers in comparison to TR
*Taft replaces TR’s Sec of Interior Gifford Pinchot with corporate lawyer
*Progressive branch mad
Osawatomie Creek
Taft gets Republican nomination
TR & Progressives walk out
Who will the
Democrats nominate?
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson
*son of a Presbyterian minister
*President of Princeton
*Governor of New Jersey-2 years
New Freedom
•Against bigness of business
•Representative of the people
Wilson Roosevelt Taft
435 88 8
42% 27.5% 23%
As President:
*Lowers Tariff
*Income Tax
16th Amendment
FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM
*12 regional banks -holds % of members assets-loans at rate set by Fed-issues Fed Reserve notes
backed by gov
Federal Trade Commission Act
Regulatory agency to help business police itself
Gov can prosecute “unfair trade practices”
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Wilson losing interest- lets Conservatives weaken the bill
Wilson marries Edith
Galt
By 1914 Wilson feels no more need for reform-especially suffrage
1914 Dems lose seats in Congress
Keating-Owen Act-child labor
FOREIGN POLICY
Great White Fleet
TR believes in civilized and uncivilized countries
Civilized: industrial N & W Europe & Japan
Russo-JapaneseWar
1906 Nobel Prize
1902 Venezuela reneged on money owed to Great Britain & Germany
Each sends ships to blockade ports
Germans fire
Teddy uses the fleet to threaren the Germans off
I’m worried about European powers getting a foothold into Latin America
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
US can intervene if neighbor is unable to maintain order or if independence is threatened
Dominican Republic
*$22 million debt
*US takes custom house-collects tariffs
*pays off debts
US intervenes:
Mexico 1914 1916-19 Cuba 1906-09 1917-22 Nicaragua 1909-10
1912-25 1926-33 Haiti 1915-34
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
1901
Us and England agree to build a canal
Have to pick site
Us negotiates treaty with Columbia
$10 million down¼ million per year
Get 6 mile wide zone
Philippe Bunau- Varilla
Philippe-Varilla organizes revolt
TR lands Marines to maintain order
Send USS Nashville to stop Columbian ships
USS Nashville
TR recognizes new government-negotiates treaty with Panama rep:
$10 million$1/4 per year
Dollar Diplomacy
Taft’ policy:
Investments/loans to keep countries friendly and prosperous
Wilson:
Diplomacy and morality
*sends Marines to Haiti 1915 *sets up military government in Dominican Republic 1916 *buys West Indies from Denmark
Mexico
Porfirio Diaz
Francisco Madero
Victoriano Huerta
Venustiano Carranza
Pancho Villa
Emiliano Zapata
John J. “Black Jack”
Pershing