chapter 22 the diversity of life. (v) kingdom animalia 9 major phyla: multicellular ingests food...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 22Chapter 22The The
DiversityDiversity
of Lifeof Life
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(V) Kingdom Animalia
9 Major Phyla:•Multicellular•Ingests food
http://home.teleport.com/~amobb/biology/animals.html
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/index.html
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(V) Kingdom Animalia
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(V) Kingdom Animalia
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(V) Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Animalia
CHORDATES
Nematoda(round worms)
Molluska
Porifera(sponges)
Platyhelminthes(round worms)
Echinoderm(seastar) Annelid
(segmented worms)
Coelenterates (cnidaria)
ARTHROPODS
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22.1 Overview of the Animal KingdomAnimals are defined by these characteristics:
1. Are multicellular (diploid) with tissues arranged into organs and organ systems.
2. Are aerobic and heterotrophic.
3. Reproduce sexually, and in some cases asexually, or both.
4. Most are motile during at least part of their life cycle.
5. Life cycles include a period of: embryonic development; germ tissue layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm)
6. Are Vertebrates or Invertebrates
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22.1 Overview of the Animal KingdomYour Turn to teach• Body Plans • Type of Gut • Tissue layers • Body Cavities • Segmentation
• Phylum Characteristics– Structurally
• Numbers of Species• Etc
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Body SymmetryBody Symmetry - the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged
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Body Symmetry
1. Asymmetry (sym =with, together, metry = measure) no pattern ,no central axis
2. Radial symmetry (radia = spoke, radius;) do have distinct top and bottom sides, but have no distinct left and right.
3. Bilateral symmetry (bi = two; later = side) do have distinct left and right sides,
Body Symmetry - the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged
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Symmetry
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Positional terminology
• anterior - toward the head
• posterior - toward the tail
• dorsal - back side
• ventral - belly side
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Blastopore
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One way Digestive System
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Speciation
Insects
Chordates
Protists
InvertebratesA
rthr
opod
Population
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Speciation
Insects
Population
Invertebrates1. Sponges2. Cnidarians -Coelenterates3. Flatworms - Platyhelminthes 4. Annelids–Segments Galore5. Mollusks, classes?6. Roundworms - Nematods7. Arthropods—The Most Successful Animals
• Crustaceans• Spiders • Insects
8. Echinoderms Vertebrates
• Chordates
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Porifera•Sponges•Simplest of all animals•No true organ systems•8000 sp.•Sessile•Filter feeders•Asexual and sexually reproduction
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Phylum: Cnidarians (Coelenterates)
• 11,000 sp.• Two cell layers thick• Hollow body cavity
with one opening.• Ex: Hydra, coral Jellyfish, anemone,Portuguese man of
war
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Phylum: Cnidarians (Coelenterates)
Coral,
Jellyfish Sea anemone, hydra
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Platyhelminthes, (flatworms)
• 15,000 sp.• Flatworms, tapeworms, flukes• Bi-laterally symmetrical • 3 layers(ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm,)• Have distinct functioning
systems. • Motile • Mostly parasitic • Predominantly hermaphroditic • Primitive gut or gut absent • Asexual and Hermaphrodites
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Platyhelminthes, (flatworms)
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Platyhelminthes, (flatworms)
http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/zoology/faculty/horn/b101/lectures/animdiv3/
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Phylum: Nematoda, (roundworms)
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Phylum: Nematoda, (roundworms)
•20,000 sp.•Roundworms, Trichnosis•Round unsegmented worms•Parasitic•Has a complex life cycle
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Nematodes Life Cycle
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.Introduction to Arthropods
. . . the REAL rulers of the Earth
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• Segmented body• Jointed appendages (legs)• Exoskeleton (chitin)• Ex: Grasshopper Spiders Lobster, Shrimp,
Barnacles
Introduction to Arthropods
. . . the REAL rulers of the Earth.
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Major Classes
Crustaceans
Insecta
Arachnida
Chilipoda
Diploda
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Barnacles “Ouchies”
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Annelids, Ex: Earthworm Leech, sandworm marine worm
• Worms with segmented bodies.
• Openings at both ends.
•One digestive System•Thin flexible cuticle covering the body allowing for flexible movement and gas exchange, •setae allow movement, 4pr/segment . •Approximately 15, 000 species •Hermaphrodites and separate sexes
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Earthworms
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Phylum Mollusks•soft bodied animals, •generally enclosed in a hard, protective shell. •The shell maybe one unit, two hinged together or even eight in a row•In most species this mantle covers and shelters its gills. •The body plan of a Mollusca is divided into:
• the head •strong muscular foot •visceral mass. organ systems are well developed
•Mollusks are also unique because of their specialized tongue called radulla.
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Phylum Mollusks
• Gastropod: snails, slugs, nudibranch
• Chitons: chiton• Bivalves: oysters, clams• Cephalopod: Squid octopus,
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Examples
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Phylum Echinoderms (Spiny / skin)all starfish, sea urchins, sand dollar, sea cucumber
Brittle starSea Biscuit Sand $
sea cucumber
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Phylum Echinoderms
•7000 species, 15000 including fossil records•calcareous endoskeleton composed of separate plates•radial symmetry •water vascular system ("tube feet") •decentralized nervous system •Regenerative, sexual and asexual•gut complete•Marine
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Sun Star